2022-2023学年人教版英语八年级下册知识点
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Unit1What’sthematter?一、重点短语1.haveafever发烧2.haveacough咳嗽3.haveatoothache牙疼4.haveasoreback背疼5.haveasorethroat喉咙痛6.haveacold受凉;感冒7.haveanosebleed流鼻血8.haveaheartproblem有心脏病9.haveastomachache胃疼10.haveproblemsbreathing呼吸困难11.talktoomuch说得太多12.drinkenoughwater喝足够的水13.liedownandrest躺下来休息14.hotteawithhoney加蜂蜜的热茶15.seeadentist看牙医16.getanX-ray拍X光片17.takeone’stemperature量体温18.feelveryhot感到很热19.goalong沿着……走20.gotoadoctor看医生21.getoff/on下车/上车22.getintotrouble造成麻烦23.getinto/outof进入/从……出来24.beincontrol(of)掌管;管理25.beoutofcontrol(of)失控26.thanksto多亏了27.onthesideoftheroad在马路边28.shoutforhelp大声呼救29.putsomemedicineonsth.在…上面敷药30.allweekend整个周末31.putabandageonsth.用绷带包扎32.hurtoneself受伤33.toone’ssurprise使.......惊讶的34.falldown摔倒35.withoutthinkingtwice没有多想36.savealife挽救生命37.putherheadback把她的头向后仰38.cuthisknee割伤他的膝盖39.beusedtodoingsth.习惯做某事40.usedtodo过去常常41.inthesameway以同样的方式42.soundlike听起来像第32页共32页43.makeadecision做出决定44.becauseof由于45.mountainclimbing登山运动46.feelsick感到恶心47.inadifficultsituation在困境中48.takerisks冒险49.keepondoingsth.继续做某事50.giveup(doing)sth.放弃51.runout(of)用完;用尽52.intime及时ontime准时53.rightaway/atonce立刻54.sothat以便二、重点语法1.What’sthematter(withsb)?怎么了?询问麻烦事或身体状况=What’sthetrouble(withsb)?=What’stheproblem(withsb)?=What’sup?=What’syourtrouble/problem?2.1.)havea+名词,表示某种病haveacough咳嗽2.)sore也可表疾病haveasoreback/throat背疼/喉咙痛3.need有两种词性,实义动词和情态动词实义动词:1.needsth2.need(sb)todo3.don’tneed.....情态动词:1.need+原型2.NeedI....?肯Yes,youmust.否No,youneedn’t.4.seesbdosth看见某人做某事(强调全过程)seesbdoingsth看见某人正在做某事(强调正在发生)5.expectsth期待某物agreewithsb同意某人expect(sb)todo期待做某事agreetodo同意做某事expect+that从句期待agree+that从句6.havetrouble/problemsindoingsth做某事有困难7.trouble用法:1).beintrouble处于困境2).get(sb)intotrouble(使某人)陷入困境8.词组辨析:usedtodo过去常常beusedtodoing习惯于做9.so...that+从句如此...以至于sothat为了,目的是引导目的状语从句(当主句主语与从句主语一致时可用inorderto)第32页共32页Eg:Heworkshardsothathecansucceed=Heworkshardinordertosucceed.5.What’sthemeaningof...?=Whatdoes...mean?....的意思是什么?6.反身代词:myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselvesteachoneself,enjoyoneself,dressoneself,introduceoneself,helponeself7.躺:lie-lay-lain-lying说谎:lie-lied-lied-lying下蛋:lay-laid-laid-laying(规则的撒谎,不规则的躺,躺过就下蛋)Unit2I’llhelptocleanupthecityparks.一、重点短语1.Clean-UpDay清洁日2.anoldpeople’shome养老院3.helpoutwithsth.帮助解决困难4.usedtodosth.过去常常做某事5.carefor关心;照顾6.thelookofjoy快乐的表情7.attheageof在......岁时8.cleanup打扫(或清除)干净9.cheerup(使)变得更高兴;振奋10.giveout分发;散发11.comeupwith想出;提出12.makeaplan制订计划13.makesomenotices做些公告牌14.tryout试用;试行15.workfor为…工作;为….效力16.putup建造;举起;张贴17.handout分发;散发;发给18.callup打电话;召集19.putoff推迟;延迟20.forexample比如;例如21.raisemoney筹钱;募捐22.takeafter与......相像;像23.giveaway赠送;捐赠24.fixup修理;修补;解决25.besimilarto与……相似26.setup建立;设立27.disabledpeople残疾人28.makeadifference影响;有作用29.beableto能够30.after-schoolreadingprogram课外阅读项目31.afeelingofsatisfaction满足感32.severalhours若干小时33.volunteertodo自愿做34.sickkids生病的孩子第32页共32页35.homelesspeople无家可归的人36.bebusywithsth忙于37.disabledpeople残疾人38.atraineddog一只受过训的狗39.booklover爱书者40.thinkup想出二、重点语法1.noticesbdosth注意到某人做过某事,noticesbdoingsth注意到某人正在做某事lonely孤独的,寂寞的adj.定语,表语有感情alone独自,单独adj./adv.状语,表语无感情1.satisfaction用法:1.)satisfyv.satisfysb使某人满意2.)satisfied/satisfyingadj.besatisfiedwith对...满意3.)satisfactionn.toone’ssatisfaction令某人满意2.owner用法:1.)theownerof...的主人theowneroftheshop2.)one’sown+名词myownshop5.sickadj.定语,表语sicknessn.illadj.表语illnessn.Heisill.=Heissick.Hereisasickdog.3.raise及物动词rise不及物动词Thesunrises.Raiseyourhands.4.takeafter像(品质,外貌)looklike像(外貌)5.imagine+动名词/名词/代词imaginesbdoing6.havetrouble/problems/difficultyindoing做某事有困难HehastroubleinlearningEnglish.7.形容词+ness变名词:kind-kindness,ill-illness,sick-sickness,sad-sadness,happy-happiness,busy-business,fair-fairness8.句型辨析:Itisclever/smart/kind/nice/friendlyofsbto某人做某事是...的Itis+adj+forsbtodo做某事对某人来说是...的9.changeone’smind改变主意第32页共32页changegreenintoyellow由绿变黄1.beinterestedin=haveaninterestin对...感兴趣2.todo不定式用法作用例如作宾语need/want/hope/expect/plan/wouldliketodo作宾语补足语ask/tell/expect/allow/want/wishsbtodo作状语todo表目的不带to宾补see/hear/watch/feel/notice/make/letsbdoUnit3Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?一、重点短语1.gooutfordinner出去吃饭2.stayoutlate在外面待到很晚3.gotothemovies看电影4.takesb.forawalk带某人去散步5.allday/evening整曰/夜6.dohousework做家务7.getaride搭车8.workon从事9.finishdoingsth.完成做某事10.cleanandtidy干净整洁11.dothedishes洗餐具12.takeouttherubbish倒垃圾13.foldtheclothes叠衣服14.sweepthefloor扫地15.makethebed整理床铺16.asaresult结果17.helpout帮忙18.getgoodgrades取得好成绩19.throwdown扔下20.assoonas=theminute一...就...21.comeover过来22.shoutback大声回应23.walkaway走开24.allthetime一直;总是25.sharethehousework分担家务26.acomfortablehome一个舒适的家27.insurprise惊讶地28.getsomethingtodrink拿点喝的东西29.hangout闲逛30.watchoneshow观看一个节目31.passsb.sth.把某物传给某人第32页共32页32.lendsb.sth.把某物借给某人33.getsth.wet使某物弄湿34.hatetodosth.讨厌做某事35.dochores做杂务36.helpsb.(to)do/withsth帮助某人干某事37.bringatent带顶帐篷来38.buysomesnacks买些小吃39.gotothestore去商店40.invitesb.toaparty邀请某人参加聚会41.makesb.dosth.使某人做某事42.enoughstress足够的压力43.awasteoftime浪费时间44.inorderto为了45.providesbwithsth=providesthforsb46.minddoingsth.介意做某事47.dependon依赖;依靠48.lookafter/takecareof照顾;照看49.developchildren’sindependence发展孩子的独立性50.doone’spartin(doing)sth.做某人分内的事51.comehomefromschool/work放学/下班回家二、重点语法1.Couldyouplease(not)dosth?用于提出请求,希望得到对方肯定回答,语气较委婉。肯定回答:Sure./Ofcourse./Certainly./Noproblem.否定回答:Sorry,Ican’t./I’mafraidIcan’t.2.(1)neitheradv也不句子须部分倒装。此时可用nor替换neitherI don’t like this dress. 我不喜欢这件连衣裙。Neither / Nor do I. 我也不喜欢。【注意】肯定句:Helikesbeef..--SodoI.我也喜欢。(2)neither…nor…既不…也不…,连接两个词做主语,谓语动词就近原则NeitherTomnorIamastudent(3)neither作代词表示“两个都不”它作主语时,谓语动词常用单数Neitherofmyparentsisathome.3.borrowsth.fromsb.向某人借某物(借入)=borrowsbsthlendsb.sth.=lendsth.tosb.借给某人某物(借出)4.needv需要作实义动词常用于肯定句(1)人做主语,sb.needtodosth某人需要做某事(2)物做主语,sthneeddoing=sthneedtobedone第32页共32页5.(1)invitesb.todosth邀请某人做某事(2)invitesb.to+地点邀请某人去某地6.spend/pay/cost/take花费(1)spend→spent→spentv花费,主语是人sb.+spend+时间/钱+onsth在某事上花费......sb.+spend+时间/钱+(in)doingsthHespendstoomuchtimeonthecomputergames.(2)pay→paid→paidv支付,主语是人sb.+pay+钱+forsthIpay10yuanforthebook.(3)cost→cost→costv花费,主语是某物或某事sthcostsb.+钱某物花费某人多少钱Anewcomputercostsmealotofmoney.(3)take→took→takenv花费Ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth.做某事花费某人多长时间7.developv→developmentn发展→developingadj.发展的→developedadj.发达的adevelopingcountry一个发展中国家adevelopedcountry一个发达国家8.takecareof照顾,takeawalk散步,takeaway拿走,takeup占据,takeplace发生,takeoff脱下,takephotos照像,takeout取出,takecare当心,takemedicine服药,takeone’stemperature量体温,comeback回来,comeupwith想出,cometrue实现,comefrom来自,comeout出来,(花)开getback返回,getover克服,getdressed穿衣,getinto进入get/belost丢失,getoff/on下/上车getonwellwithsb.与某人相处得好,getoutof从…出来9.It作形式主语及形式宾语形式主语:It’s+adj+(forsb)todoIt’snouse/gooddoingsth形式宾语:主语+谓语(find,think,make,feel)+it+adj+todosthUnit4Whydon’tyoutalktoyourparents?一、重点短语1.havefreetime(todo)有空闲时间2.allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事3.hangoutwithsb.与某人闲逛4.after-schoolclasses课外活动课5.getintoafightwithsb.与某人吵架/打架6.untilmidnight直到半夜7.talktosb.与某人交谈8.toomany太多9.studytoomuch学得过多10.giveone’sopinion提出某人的观点第32页共32页10.getenoughsleep有足够的睡眠11.writesb.aletter给某人写信12.callsb.up打电话给某人13.surprisesb.令某人惊讶14.lookthrough翻看15.beangrywithsb.生某人的气16.abigdeal重要的事17.workout成功地发展;解决18.getonwellwith和...友好相处19.fightalot经常吵架/打架20.hangover笼罩21.refusetodosth.拒绝做某事22.offertodosth.主动提出做某事23.sothat以便24.mindsb.doingsth.介意某人做某事25.allthetime一直26.infuture今后27.makesb.angry使某人生气28.worryaboutsth.担心某事29.familymembers家庭成员30.copyone’shomework抄袭某人的作业31.beoneself做自己32.spendtimealone独自消磨时光33.givesb.pressure给某人施压34.haveafightwithsb.与某人吵架35.competewithsb.与某人竞争36.freetimeactivities业余活动37.getbettergrades取得更好的成绩39.learnexamskills学习应试技巧40.practicesports体育训练41.causestress造成压力42.cutout删除43.givesthbacktosb归还某人44.beangrywithsb生某人气45.communicatewithsb和某人交谈46.explaintosb向某人解释二、重点语法1.提建议的句型第32页共32页(1)Whataboutdoingsth.?=Howaboutdoingsth.?….怎么样?(2)Whydon’tyoudosth.?=Whynotdosth.?为什么不呢?(3)Let’sdosth.让我们一起做某事吧。(4)Will/Wouldyoupleasedosth.请你做…好吗?(5)Wouldyouliketodosth.?你想去做某事吗?(6)Wouldyouminddoingsth.?你介意做某事吗?(7)Shallwedosth.?我们做…好吗?(8)hadbetterdo/notdosth.最好做/不做某事2.(1)toomany+复数名词许多toomanypeople(2)toomuch+不可数名词许多toomuchhomework(3)muchtoo+形容词太…muchtoocold3.(1)allowdoingsth允许做某事Wedon’tallowsmokinginourhouse.(2)allowsb.(not)todosth.(不)允许某人做某事Myparentsdon’tallowmetostayuplate.我父母不允许我熬夜。(3)beallowedtodosth.被允许做某事4.系动词:后跟adj.作表语一是:(be)am/is/arebequiet=keepquiet保持安静二保持:stay/keep(表示持续状态)stayhealthy=keephealthy四变化:become/get/turn/go(表示状态变化)五起来:sound/look/smell/taste/feel(表示感觉)5.为了:sothat+句子inorderto+动词短语6.忘记、落下:forgetsth/leavesth+地点7.动名词或句子作主语谓语动词用单三:Readingbooksishelpful.Whathesaidistrue.8.Couldyoupleasenotdosth?9.Let’shaveabreak,shallwe?Letushaveabreak,willyou?Unit5Whatwereyoudoingwhentherainstormcame?一、重点短语1.makesure确信;确认2.beatagainst...拍打……3.fallasleep进人梦乡;睡着4.diedown逐渐变弱;逐渐消失5.wakeup醒来6.inamess一团糟7.break...apart使……分离第32页共32页8.intimesofdifficulty在困难的时候9.atthetimeof当.......时候10.gooff(闹钟)发出响声、开火、停止运行、离开11.takeahotshower洗热水澡12.missthebus错过公交车13.pickup接电话、捡起、接某人、学到14.misstheevent错过这个事件15.inthearea在这个地区16.atfirst首先;最初17.bythesideoftheroad在路边18.rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事19.walkby走路经过20.makeone’swayto...在某人去……的路上21.forexample例如22.hearthenews听到这个消息23.importanteventsinhistory历史上的重大事件24.bekilled被杀害25.over5050多(岁)26.takedown拆除;摧毁27.ontheradio通过广播28.insilence沉默;无声29.morerecently最近地;新近30.theWorldTradeCenter世贸中心31.havealook看一看32.waitfor等待33.fallentrees歪倒的树34.brokenwindows损坏的窗户35.start/begintodo=start/begindoing开始做某事二、重点语法1.when与while1)when表时间点或时间段,后接非延续性动词或延续性动词2)while表时间段,后接延续性动词,多用进行时过去进行时+while+过去进行时(表动作对比)一般过去时+while+过去进行时第32页共32页2.beat+人、团队“打败”win+比赛、奖项“赢得”3.beagainst反对,befor支持4.fallasleep入睡,强调动作;beasleep睡着,强调状态rise升起,上升主语自身提高Pricesrise.raise举起,提高主语作用于其他事物Raiseourglasses.5.过去进行时:结构:was/were+doing标志词:thistime+过去时间,时间点+过去时间atthattime,atthatmoment,then,atthetimeof6.词性转换strange-strangerheavy-heavilywind-windysleep-asleepreport-reporterice-icycomplete-completelysilence-silentrecent-recentlytrue-truthdie-dyingfall-fallenbreak-brokenbeat-beatrise-roseUnit6Anoldmantriedtomovethemountains一、重点短语1.workondoingsth.致力于做某事2.assoonas......一……就…....3.onceuponatime=longlongago从前4.continuetodosth.继续做某事5.makesth.happen使某事发生6.trytodosth.试图、尽力做某事7.thejourneytosp.......之旅8.tellastory/stories讲故事9.puton穿上10.findone’swayhome找到某人回家的路11.alittlebitsilly有点蠢12.walktotheotherside走到另一边去13.insteadof代替;反而14.inthemoonlight在月光下15.getmarried(tosb)结婚16.beabletodosth.能做;会做第32页共32页17.themaincharacter主要人物;主人公18.atothertimes在另外一些时候19.afairytale一个神话故事20.comeout(书、电影等)出版21.turn...into变成22.becomeinterestedin(doing)sth.对(做)……感兴趣23.getlost迷路24.therestofthestory故事的其余部分25.thenextday第二天26.leavesb.todosth.让某人做某事27.makeaplantodosth.筹划/计划做某事28.gotosleep去睡觉29.leadsb.tosp.把某人领到某地30.changeone’splan改变计划31.tellsb.todosth.叫某人做某事32.keepdoingsth.坚持做某事33.giveup(doing)sth.放弃(做)某事34.sendsb.tosp.派某人去某地35.hearsbdoing听到某人正在做某事二、重点语法1.remind的用法1)remindsb.ofsth.使某人想起...e.g.Thisbookremindsmeofmychildhood.这本书让我想起了我的童年。2)remindsb.todosth.提醒某人去做某事e.g.Mymotheralwaysremindsmetocomebackearly.我妈妈总是提醒我早点回家。3).remind+that从句e.g:Thestoryremindsmethatweshouldbehonest.这故事提醒我们应诚实。第32页共32页1.seem意为“似乎;好像”,其常见用法现归纳如下:1)“主语+seem+(tobe)+表语”,表语多为名词或形容词例如:Tomseems(tobe)averycleverboy.汤姆看上去是一个非常聪明的男孩。 Themanseemstobeanewteacher.那个人看上去像一个新老师。2)“主语+seem+不定式” 例如:MrsGreendoesn’tseem(或seemsnot)toliketheidea.格林夫人似乎不太喜欢这个主意。 Thechildrenseemedtobeeatingsomethingintheroom.孩子们好像正在房间里吃东西呢3)“Itseems+that从句”,其中it是形式主语,that引导主语从句。例如:ItseemsthatMrBrownwillnotcomeagain.在我看来布朗先生不会再来了。2.辨析1)say作及物动词,着重说话的内容,宾语可以是名词,代 词或宾语从句.eg:Hecansayhisname.他会说他的名字.PleasesayitinEnglish.请用英语用.2)speak强调说的动作,不强调所说的内容,常以某种,语言作宾语.还可用于在较为正式的场合了表演讲或演说.常见的搭配形式有:speaktosb speak+语言CanyouspeakJapanese?你会说日语吗?Sheisspeakingtoherteacher.她正在跟她的老师说话.Hespokeatthemeetingyesterday.他昨天在会上讲了话.3)talk一般为不及物动词,意思是“交谈,谈话,着重强调两具之间的 相互说话.talktosb,talkwithsb,talkaboutsth2)tell常作及物动词,意为“讲述,告诉,动词常跟双宾语.tellsbsth=tellsthtosb告诉某人某事.4.状语从句:时间状语从句(assoonas)、条件状语从句(unless)、结果状语从句(so...that)第32页共32页5.连词:both...and.../bothof.../either...or/neither...nor/notonly...butalso...Unit7What’sthehighestmountainintheworld?一、重点短语1.asbigas与……一样大2.feelfreetodosth.随意地做某事3.oneoftheoldestcountries最古老的国家之一4.risktheirlives拿生命冒险5.asfarasIknow据我所知6.asyoucansee正如你所看到的7.beindanger处于危险中8.liveupto活到9.partof.........的组成部分10.challengeoneself挑战自己11.thehighestmountain最高的山脉12.standontwolegs两条腿站立13.intheworld在世界上14.anyothermountain其他任何一座山15.ofallthesaltlakes在所有的咸水湖中16.runalong跨越……17.freezingweather冰冻的天气18.takeinair呼吸空气19.thefirstpeopletodosth.第一个做某事的人20.another200orso21.inthefaceofdifficulties面临危险22.giveupdoingsth.放弃做某事23.achieveone’sdream实现某人的梦想24.eventhough虽然;尽管25.theforcesofnature自然界的力量26.reachthetop到达顶峰27.atbirth在出生的时候28.beawake醒着第32页共32页29.fallover摔倒30.runoverwithexcitement兴奋地跑过去31.walkintosb.撞到某人32.takecareof照顾;照料33.everytwoyears每两年34.cutdowntheforests砍伐林木35.endangeredanimals濒危动物36.fewerandfewerpandas大熊猫越来越少37.theimportanceofsavinganimals拯救这些动物的重要性38.dieof/from死于39.intheremainingforests在剩余的森林中40.protect…from…保护41.ingood/badcondition.二、重点语法1.表达事物的长,宽,高,深……?sth./sb.+be+数量+单位+形容词long,wide,tall,deep如:Theriveris2metersdeep.Qomolangmais8,844.43metershigh.2.问事物的高,深,宽,长,重…?Howhigh/tall/deep/wide/long/heavyis...?It’s...1.succeed.v.成功succeedindoingsth.Hesucceededinfinishingthework.successn.“成功”不可数,Confidenceisthekeytosuccess.自信是成功的关键。successful,adj.成功的Successfullyadv.成功地4.花费1)sb.spend+time/money+onsth./indoingsth.2)sb.pay+money+forsth.某人为某物支付多少钱3)Ittakessb+time+todosth.花费某人多长时间做4)sth+cost+money某物值多少钱。Thebookcoststendollars.5.prepare用法1)preparetodosth.准备做某事2)preparesth.forsth/sb...为……准备某物第32页共32页3)makepreparation(s)for为…做准备6.形容词副词比较级和最高级。(一)形容词比较级的用法1).形容词的比较级可以单独使用:Bemorecarefulnexttime. 下次小心点。Whichbookisbetter? 哪本书更好?2).也可以和than连用,表示两者相比,than后可以跟:Heisolderthanme/I.他年龄比我大。Skiingismoreexcitingthanskating.滑雪比滑冰更刺激。Iwasabettersingerthanhewas.我唱歌比他好。3)比较级中为了避免重复,常用one/that/those替代名词。往往指与前面同类而不是同一个的事物。Thispenisshorterthanthatone.TheweatherhereismuchhotterthanthatofShanghai.ThecarsmadeinTianjinismuchmorepopularthanthoseinShanghai.4). 形容词比较级的修饰语修饰形容词,副词比较级的常用修饰词有:alittle,abit,much,even,still,alot,any等.在否定句,疑问句或条件状语从句中,修饰形容词,副词的比较级,只能用any来修饰.Hecan'tjumpanyhigher.他不能跳得更高了.Canhejumpanyhigher?他能跳得更高一些吗?Doyoufeelanybettertoday? 你今天感觉好一点了吗?句型1:as+形容词原形+asThisjacketisasbeautifulasthatone.句型2.notas/so+形容词原形+as“前者不及/不如后者表达前者不如后者还可以用:less+原级+thanThisschoolislessbeautifulthanthatone.句型3:1)表示“是......的几倍时”......倍数+as原级as.......Thisgardenistentimesaslargeasthatone。这个花园是那个的九倍大。倍数的表达:once;twice;threetimes;fourtimes.......2)表示“比...多几倍”倍数+比较级+than....Hisgardenis9timeslargerthanthatone.他花园比那个大九倍。第32页共32页句型4:比较级+thananyother+单数名词“比其他的任何一个...”Heistallerthananyotherboyinhisclass.比较级+thantheother+复数名词“比其他的...”Heistallerthantheotherboysinhisclass.句型5:the+比较级+ofthetwo…(thetwins.)“两个中较....”Amyistheshorterofthetwogirls.句型6:(单音节)比较级+and+比较级”(多音节)“moreandmore+原级”,越来越……betterandbetterfatterandfattermoreandmorebeautiful句型7:the比较级+句子,the比较级+句子越……,越……Theharderyoustudy,thebettergradesyouwillget.(二)最高级的使用形容词的最高级要加定冠词the,副词最高级可省略the,句型1:the+最高级+of/in+范围MymotheristhebusiestinmyfamilyJimworkshardestofusall.句型2:Oneof+the+最高级+名词复数“最……的……之一”OneofthemostimportantlanguagesisEnglish.最重要的语言之一是英语。句型3the+序数词+最高级+单数名词+in短语“第几最…”TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.(三)、形容词的比较等级和最高等级:形容词的比较级和最高级的构成规则变化:1单音节词和少数双音节词的比较级和最高级的构成.情况构成方式原级比较级最高级一般情况加-er或-estnewlongnewerlongernewestlongest以e结尾的词加-r或-stfinelatefinerlaterfinestlatest以“辅音+y”结尾的词变y为i再加-er或-estearlyhappyearlierhappierearliesthappiest重读闭音节的词末尾只有一个辅音字母先双写辅音字母,再加-er或-esthotthinfathotterthinnerfatterhottestthinnestfattest2.多音节词和部分双音节词在其前面加more或most。如:interesting-moreinteresting-mostinteresting第32页共32页3.有几个形容词的比较级和最高级属于不规则变化:好:good/well-better-best坏:bad/badly-worse-worst多:many/much-more-most少:little-less-least远:far-farther-farthestUnit8HaveyoureadTreasureIslandyet?一、重点短语1.suchas例如2.themarksofanotherman‘sfeet另一个人的脚印3.morethan超出4.thesouthernstatesofAmerica美国的南部地区5.belongto属于6.anislandfulloftreasures一个满是宝藏的岛屿7.growup长大8.signsleftbehindbysomeone某人留下的标记9.giveup放弃10.agoodwaytowakeup醒来的一个好办法11.waitfor等待12.gotothemovies=seethefilm看电影13.atleast至少14.can’twaittodosth.迫不及待地做某事15.thinkabout考虑16.growfruitsandvegetables种水果和蔬菜17.akindof一种18.waitforanothership等待另一艘船到来19.hurryup赶快;匆忙20.dosomeresearchonsth.对……做研究21.put...down放下记下22.attheendoftheday在一天结束的时候第32页共32页23.onpage25在第25页24.thefirstlineinthesong歌曲的第一行25.goouttosea出海26.fightover=fightabout因…而争吵27.intwoweeks在两周之内28.bekindtoeachother善待彼此29.ontheradio通过收音机30.eachother=oneanother彼此;相互31.runtowardssp.跑向某地32.inthemiddleofthesea在海中央33.sciencefiction科幻小说34.use...todosth.用……来做某事35.numberofpeople人数36.theimportantof…….的重要性37.trustoneanother互相信任38.thebeautyofnature大自然的美39.cometorealize开始意识到40.notlongafterthat不久之后41.havebeentosp.去过某地42.afewweeksago几个星期前43.hopetodosth.希望做某事44..seesb.dosth.看到某人做某事45.enjoysuccessin享受…的成功46.usedtodosth.(过去)常常做某事47.thebackofthebook书的背面48.cutdowntrees砍倒树49.writeabout写作关于……的内容50..countrymusic乡村音乐51.readthenewspaper看报第32页共32页52.apieceofland一块陆地53..learntodosth.学会做某事54.finishdoingsth.做完某事55.studyabroad在国外学习56.makesb.dosth.使某人做某事57.eversincethen自从那时起58.ontheisland在岛上59.havenothing什么也没有60.bringback带回61.onthesand在沙滩上62.leavebehind遗忘;留下63.findout找出;查出64.abitboring有点无聊65.afewweeksago几周前66.eversince自从67.fullof满是….;68.trustoneanother相互信任69.another+单数名词“另一个...”another+数词+复数名词=数词+more复数名词“另外的几个...”二、重点语法1.现在完成时1)定义:过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。例:—Haveyouhadbreakfastyet?你吃过早饭了吗?—Yes,Ihave.I’vehadit.是的,我吃过了(现在我不饿了)I’vealreadyreadthebook.我已经读过这本书了(了解了书的内容)2)结构:助动词have/has+动词的过去分词3)句型:①肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他.例:Ihavefoundmypen.我找到我的钢笔了。②否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他。第32页共32页例:Ihaven’tfoundmypen.我还没有找到我的钢笔。③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他?例:—Haveyoufoundyourpen?你找到你的钢笔了吗?肯定回答:Yes,主语+have/has.否定回答:No,主语+haven’t/hasn’t.4)动词过去分词的变化规则一般动词过去分词的构成与过去式的构成相同。不规则动词的过去分词136页特殊记忆。5)常用标志词语:already(已经),never(从未),ever(曾经),just(刚刚),before(以前),sofar(到目前为止),yet(还,已经)等。①just常用于肯定句中,放在have/has后Hehasjustcome.②never表示否定,放在have/has后HehasnevervisitedtheGreatWall.③ever用于疑问句中,用于询问某人过去的经历。Haveyoueverbeentothefarm?④before用于句末Thewomanhasneverheardofthatbefore.⑤yet疑问句或否定句句尾.Hasthetrainarrivedyet?No,notyet.⑥already用于肯定句,have/has之后或句末.Wehavealreadyfinishedit.⑦sofar用于句首或句末.Sofar,wehavevisitedthemoon.6)already与yet的用法:①already与yet都有“已经”的意思,但already常用于肯定句中,放在助动词have/has之后,过去分词之前;yet常用于疑问句中,并用于句末。例:I’vealreadyseenthefilm.我已经看过这部电影。Haveyouseenthefilmyet?你已经看过这部电影了吗?②yet用于否定句中,意为“还(没);尚(未)”,通常位于句末。例:Ihaven’tseenthefilmyet.我还未看过这部电影。第32页共32页③already与yet的转换:现在完成时中,含有already的陈述句变为否定句或疑问句时,要把already改为yet,并放于句末。例:Ihavealreadyfinishedreadingthebook.我已经读完这本书了。变为否定句:Ihaven’tfinishedreadingthebookyet.我还没有读完这本书。变成疑问句:Haveyoufinishedreadingthebookyet?你已经读完这本书了吗?7)since与for的用法(Howlong提问)①since+过去一个时间点,如具体的年月、星期、小时。eg:1990、lastnight、halfpastsix例:Ihavebeenheresince1990.我自1990年以来一直在这里②since+一段时间+ago,表示“自···时间前开始至今”例:Hehasbeenheresincefiveyearsago.他在这儿已经有5年了③since+一般过去时从句例:Manythingshavechangedsinceyouleft.自从你走后许多事情发生了变化④Itis+时间段+since+一般过去时从句例:ItistenyearssincehestudiedEnglish.⑤for+时间段例:Ihavebeeninthenewschoolforaweek.8)延续性动词和非延续性动词转换:nborrow/lendhave(has)keptnbuyhave(has)had/ownedndiehave(has)beendeadnbegin/starthave(has)beenonnfinish/endhave(has)beenovernopenhave(has)beenopennclosehave(has)beenclosednfallasleephave(has)beenasleepngotosleephave(has)beenasleepnbecomehave(has)beennleavehave(has)beenaway(from)ngetmarried/marryhave(has)beenmarriednjoinhave(has)beenamemberof第32页共32页have(has)beeninncatchacoldhave(has)hadacoldnmove/come/goto/reach//getto/arrivehave(has)beenin/atnreturn/goback/comebackhave(has)beenback注意:howlong,since,for与现在完成时连用时动词要用延续性动词9)havebeento/goneto/beenin的区别havebeento强调“曾经去过…”现已不在那里,已经回来了,后面可接表示“次数”的状语havegoneto主要强调的是“去了…”,可能在去的途中,或在去的目的地。havebeenin“在某地待了多久”Unit9Haveyoueverbeentoamuseum?一、词性变化nation(n)国家→national(adj.)国家的amusement(n.)娱乐,游戏→amuse(v.)娱乐,消遣invention(n.)发明→inventor(n.)发明家→invent(v.)发明believable(adj.)可相信的→unbelievable(adj.)难以置信的social(adj.)社会的→society(n.)社会perform(v.)→performance(n.)表演→performer(n.)表演者collect(v.)收集→collection收藏→collector(n.)收藏家enjoyable(adj.)愉快的,快乐的→enjoy(v.)享受,欣赏,喜欢二、重点短语1.atnight在夜晚2.make(great)progress(insth/doingsth)在某方面取得进步3.teasets茶具4.ontheonehand...ontheotherhand.一方面,另一方面5.hearof听说6.beexcellentinsth/doingsth在….方面极好7.inthepast在过去8.makeaperfectcupoftea沏一杯完美的茶9.inthedark在黑暗中10.anEnglish-speakingcountry一个讲英语的国家11.leadto导致,通往第32页共32页12.gosomewheredifferent去不同的地方13.putupatent搭帐篷14.haveproblemdoingsth.做某事很困难15.befarfrom离……远16.aniceplacetoenjoytea一个品茶的好地方17.goskating去滑冰18.campinthemountains在大山里露营19.allyearround一年到头;终年20.insucharapidway以如此迅猛的方式21.rightnow现在;目前22.theteaartperformances茶艺表演23.acoupleof几个24.differentkindsof各种各样的25.whether…or...不管...还是26.during/inthedaytime在白天27.feartodosth害怕干某事28.naturalenvironment自然的环境29.closeto接近,靠近30.agreatwaytodosth干某事好方法31.threequarters四分之三32.socialgroups社会团体33.theBird’sNest鸟巢34.takethesubway坐地铁35.encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事36.takearide兜风37.theTerracottaArmy兵马俑38.amusementpark游乐园39.learnaboutsth.解有关…的情况40.developmentoftoilets厕所的发展41.thousandsof数以千计的第32页共32页42.SoutheastAsia东南亚43.haveagreat/good/wonderfultime玩的高兴=havefun=enjoyoneself44.haveagreat/good/wonderfultimedoingsth=havefundoingsth做某事很开心三、语法知识1.在英语中,表示“也”的知识归纳如下:主语+neitherA.否定句中的“也”neither+助动词/be+主语完整的否定句后加either,加逗号隔开。Hedidn’tgotoschool.他没有去上学。Meneither.=NeitherdidI.=Ididn’tgotoschool,either.主语+tooB.肯定句中的“也”so+助动词/be+主语完整的肯定句后加too,用逗号隔开。Heisagoodstudent.Metoo.=SoamI=I’magoodstudent,too.2.英语中分数表达法为:子基母序,先分子后分母,分子大于1时,分母加“s”如:foursixths六分之四onethird三分之一(注意:分数作主语时,谓语动词的单复数要与其后的名词的数保持一致。)3.have/hasbeento+地方“表示曾经去过某地”(现在已经回来了)have/hasgoneto+地方“表示已经去了某地”have/hasbeenin/at+地方在某地待了多久(注意:have/hasbeen/goneto后加home,there,here,则不用to)如:Hehavegonehome.他回家了。4.(1)Let’s中的us包括对方,反意疑问句用shallweLet’sgoandlistentothemusic,shallwe?(2)Letus不包括对方,反意疑问句用willyouLetuswaitforyouinthereadingroom,willyou?5.【反意疑问句】(1)定义:即附加疑问句。表示提问人的看法,没有把握,需要对方证实。(2)结构:陈述句+附加疑问句?It’shottoday,isn’tit?第32页共32页(3)原则:1.前肯后否,前否后肯2.前名后代3.前be后be,前情后情,前实后助4.时态一致6.inventv.发明→inventorn.发明家→inventionn.发明【记】Edison,agreatinventor,inventedover1’000inventionsallhislife.(invent)invent发明指事物从无到有(客观上没有)discover发现强调事物本身存在,从“未知”到“已知”(客观上存在)7.lead→led→ledv引导,引诱→leadern领导人(1)leadtosth导致……通往AllroadsleadtoRome.条条大路通罗马(2)leadsb.tosw引导某人去某地(3)leadsb.todosth引导某人干某事8.take(took,taken)v乘,坐,搭(车,船)takethe/a+交通工具+to+地点takethesubway乘地铁乘坐……(放于句中)动词短语在句中做谓语9.put用法putup搭起;举起;张贴putaway把…收起来putup张贴puton穿上putout熄灭put…into…把……放进putdown放下10.information信息;资料(1)information指电视、电脑或其它杂志等获得的信息,为不可数名词;apieceofinformation一条信息YoucangetmuchinformationontheInternet(2)message消息、口信、电报指书面、口头、无线电等传来的信息,为可数名词;I’llleaveamessageforher.我将为她留个口信。(3)news新闻,消息,指通过报纸、电台、电视等新闻媒介报道的最新消息,为不可数名词。apieceofnews一则新闻Nonewsisgoodnews没有消息就是好消息11.rapidadj.迅速的;快速的12.peacefuladj.和平的,安宁的第32页共32页peacen和平→peacefuladj.和平的→peacefullyadv和平地beautyn美丽→beautifuladj.美丽helpn帮助→helpfuladj.有帮助的usen用途→usefuladj.有用的thankn感谢→thankfuladj.感激的13.(1)listen/listento听,侧重听的“过程”(2)hear听,侧重听的“结果”hearsb.dosth听见某人做某事Ioftenhearhimsingintheroom.hearsb.doingsth听见某人正在做某事Ihearhimsingingintheroomhearof/about听说hearfrom=receivealetterfromsb.收到某人的来信I’msorrytohearthat.听到这件事我很难过1.whenever=nomatterwhen任何时候whatever,wherever,whoever,however15.中日永不变,英法a变e,其他加s国籍单数复数中国人aChinese twoChinese澳大利亚人anAustraliantwoAustralians俄国人aRussiantwoRussians意大利人anItaliantwoItalians法国人aFrenchmantwoFrenchmen日本人aJapanesetwoJapanese美国人anAmericantwoAmericans印度人anIndiantwoIndians加拿大人aCanadiantwoCanadians德国人aGermanstwoGermans英国人anEnglishmantwoEnglishmen16.rapid强调反应“敏捷”quick强调时间“短“fast强调速度“快”Unit10I’vehadthisbikeforthreeyears.一、重点短语1.inneed需要2.thereisnoneedforsth/todosth没有必要做某事3.sofar迄今第32页共32页4.It’sshametodosth/that+从句做……遗憾5.clearout清理6.regardwithgreatinterest以极大的兴趣关注着7.checkout察看;观察8.thesedays=nowadays=atpresent目前;现在9.giveaway捐赠10.bringbacksweetmemories勾起甜美的回忆11.inorderto为了12.searchforwork找工作=lookforwork13.growup长大14.not..anymore=nomore不再15.partwith与……分开16.nolonger=not…anylonger不再17.dowith...处置;处理18.forawhile=sometime一段时间19.closeto几乎,接近20.forthelast13years在过去的13年里21.regard…as把…看成是22.themid-20thcentury20世纪中期23.inmytime在我那个年代24.acrossfrom=opposite在…对面25.inone’sopinion依…看26.haveayardsale进行庭院拍卖会27.staythesame保持原状28.juniorhighschool初级中学29.accordingto依据;按照30.seemtodosth似乎做某事31.tobehonest说实在的32.loseone’smemory失去记忆第32页共32页33.onelastthing最后一样东西34.playforawhile玩一会儿35.bringback带回,使回忆起36.beinneedof需要…37.boardgames棋类游戏二、重点语法四、语法重点1.常见的以How开头的特殊疑问词组Howlong用来提问多长时间,回答用for或since引导的时间状语Howoften提问的是频率,意为“多久一次”Howsoon表示“多久以后,多久才”用“in+一段时间”来回答。Howmuch可用于提问商品的价格、付款的多少Howmuch/Howmany表示“(数量)多少Howfar表示“(路程或距离)多远”用表示距离的词和短语回答2.现在完成时现在完成时态在我们的语言运用过程中,常会发现句中带有以下四类标志性的副词或副词短语,我们把它称为现在完成时态的标志。①.never,ever,just,yet,before,already,eversincethen;②.some/manytimes,once,twice,基数词+Times;③.sofar,recently,lately,thesedays/weeks/months/years,(in)thelast/pastfewdays/months/years;④.for+时间段,since+时间点,since+从句(过去时);3.当句中有for+时间段,since+时间点,howlong时,要求:have/has+过去分词(动词必须是延续性动词),瞬间动词不能直接和for或since连用,但我们可以找一个相应的延续性动词或动词短语来替换这些瞬间动词。4.keep(kept;kept)保留用作系动词,保持(某种状态),其后常接形容词作表语。Pleasekeepquiet/silent!请安静!用作实义动词第32页共32页(1)保管;保存;保留PleasekeepthesethingsformewhileIamaway.(2)赡养;饲养Iusedtokeepsheepinmychildhood.(3)坚持;继续接V-ing形式作宾语。IfyoukeeppracticingyourspokenEnglish.(4)阻止;阻碍keepsb/sthfromdoingsth其中介词from不能省略Theheavyraindidn'tkeepthemfromwatchingthefootballmatch.(5)保持加宾语+宾语补足语,表示使(某人或某物)保持某种状态或使某一动作继续。①keep+sb/sth+介词Ifyourhandsarecold,keeptheminyourpockets.②keep+sb/sth+形容词Thesegloveswillkeepyourhandswarm.③keep+sb/sth+V-ing,“让某人/某物一直……”I'msorryI'vekeptyouwaiting.很抱歉,让你久等了。keeparecord保持记录,keepintouch(with)保持与……的联系keepout(of)把……关在外面keepup保持;使……不能入睡keepone's/aneyeon密切注视keepaway(from)离开keepinmind牢记keepone'sword遵守诺言5.inneed需要;需求indanger在危险中introuble在困境中insilence在沉默中ingoodhealth在好的健康状态中6.acoupleof几个;一些=afew后接可数名词复数acoupleof一对,优指夫妻、情侣I’llbebackinacoupleofdays.7.abit稍微;有点儿(1)abit和alittle在肯定句中,修饰动词、形容词、副词和比较级,"一点儿"。Thespeakerspokeupabit/alittlesoastomakehimselfheardmoreclearly.演讲者把嗓门提高了一点儿,以便使别人听得更清楚。(2)alittle可以直接作定语修饰名词,abit修饰名词,需后面加of构成短语,两者都只能修饰不可数名词第32页共32页Thereisalittle/abitoffoodleftforlunch.午饭只能吃剩下的一点食品了。8.decidev决定→-decisionn决定(1)decidetodosth=makeupone’smindtodosth决定做某事(2)makeadecision做决定9.nolonger=not...anylong不再【在句中位置】nolonger位于助动词、情态动词或实意动词之后;not...anylongernot常与助动词或情态动词连用,anylonger位于句末。Inolongerliveinthiscity.=Idon’tliveinthiscityanylonger.10.某种;某事;某人(在句中只能做定语,常与不定代词a连用,可修饰单、复数名词)Acertainpersoncalledonmeyesterday.(2)adj.确实的,无疑的becertainof对某事有把握Theyarecertainofsuccess.becertaintodosth肯定做某事Heiscertaintocome.becertain+that确信I’mcertainthathe’llcome.11.tobehonest=totell(you)thetruth老实说;说实话honestadj.诚实的(反)dishonestadj.不诚实的anhonestboy一个诚实的男孩12.dowith处理;对付(某人或某物)dealwith处理与how连用dowith处理与what连用dowith处理;强调处理的对象,常与what连用Idon’tknowwhattodowiththeseletters.dealwith处理;强调处理的方式,常与how连用Hetaughtmehowtodealwithpressure.13.by(1)bydoingsth通过…方式bystudyingwithagroup【注】介词短语作方式状语,回答以How开头的问句,表示“怎样做”。(1)by+交通工具(交通工具前不能加限定词)bybikebytrain(3)bytheway顺便问一下byaccident=bychance偶然地bymistake错误地onebyone一个接一个stepbystep一步一步地littlebylittle逐渐地第32页共32页bythetime到……为止byoneself独自地byandby不久之后15.amongprep在(其中);…….之一among介词,三个或三个以上之中Thegirldisappearedamongthecrowdbetween介词;两者之间between…and…IsitbetweenSueandJane.16.beback返回(强调状态,若表示“回到某地”则要在其后加介词to)Weareallhappytobebacktoschoolafterthelongholiday.goback走回来getback回去comeback回来giveback归还runback跑回lookback回顾17.regard将……认为,把……视为regard…with…对……持某种态度regard…as…把……当作……Iregardyouasmyfriend.18.considerv考虑=thinkaboutconsiderdoingsth考虑做某事后跟动名词的动词和短语:完成,实践,值得,忙(finish,practice,beworth,bebusy)考虑,建议,不禁,想(consider,suggest,can’thelp,feellike)错过,习惯,放弃(miss,beusedto,giveup)继续,喜欢,介意(keepon,enjoy,mind)19.世纪的表达法:(1)inthe+序数词+centuryHewasborninthe20thcentury.(2)在….世纪……年代inthe1750s18世纪50年代第32页共32页
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