中考英语第二轮复习专项训练学案单项选择 动词和动词短语

‎2019年中考英语第二轮复习专项训练学案 <br />‎(单项选择 动词和动词短语)‎ <br />一、行为动词 <br />‎ 行为动词是能独立作谓语的动词，根据后面是否带宾语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词。‎ <br />‎ 1. 及物动词 <br />‎ 及物动词本身意义不完整，后面要跟一个名词或代词等作宾语才能使其意思完整。‎ <br />‎ ①动词十宾语，如：buy some books买一些书；‎ <br />‎ ②动词十宾语十宾补，如：find the book interesting发现这本书有趣；‎ <br />‎ ③动词十间接宾语十直接宾语，如：give me some money给我一些钱。常见带双宾语的词有：give, pass, buy, offer, teach, tell等。‎ <br />‎ 2. 不及物动词 <br />‎ 不及物动词自身意思完整，无需接宾语。后接宾语时，必须先加介词、副词等，使其变成及物的动词短语。如：‎ <br />‎ He arrives early every morning.他每天到得很早。‎ <br />‎ They are looking at the blackboard.他们在看黑板。‎ <br />‎ 3. 有的动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。如：She sings very well.‎ <br />‎ 她唱得很好。（sing是不及物动词）‎ <br />‎ She sang an English song just now. 她刚才唱了一首英文歌。(sing是及物动词)‎ <br />‎ 4. 常见行为动词辨析 <br />‎ ①spend，cost. take与pay <br />‎ spend指花费时间或者金钱，后接on sth或(in)doing sth；cost的主语为物，意为&ldquo;值多少钱&rdquo;；take表示花费多少时间，可用于固定句型It+takes/took+sb.+时间+to do sth；pay与介词for连用。如：‎ <br />‎ He spends two hours in doing his homework every day.他每天花两小时做作业。‎ <br />‎ The car cost him a lot of money.这辆车花了他好多钱。‎ <br />‎ It took me half an hour to clean the room. 我花了半小时打扫房间。‎ <br />‎ I paid 40 yuan for the book.这本书我花了40块钱。‎ <br />‎ ②borrow，lend与keep <br />‎ 三者都可表示&ldquo;借&rdquo;，但是borrow指&ldquo;借入，借进（从他人那里借某东西为自己所用）&rdquo;，常用短语：‎ <br />borrow sth. from sb. /sp.；lend指&ldquo;借出去（借给他人）&rdquo;，常用短语：lend sth. to sb. /lend sb. sth.（通常跟双宾语）。区别时关键看主语，是主语借给别人就是lend，主语向别人借就是borrow; keep是延续性动词，常与表示一段时间的状语连周，表示&ldquo;借多长时间&rdquo;。如：‎ <br />‎ My sister often borrows books from the library.我妹妹常从图书馆借书。‎ <br />‎ I lent my bike to Jim yesterday.我昨天把自行车借给杰姆了。‎ <br />‎ How long can I keep the book?这本书我能借多久？‎ <br />‎③ speak, say, talk与 tell <br /> <br />speak <br />意为&ldquo;讲话&rdquo;，着重指在会议上的演讲，或指讲某种语言等。‎ <br />say <br />意为&ldquo;说&rdquo;，着重说的内容，用作及物动词。‎ <br />talk <br />意为&ldquo;谈话&rdquo;，着重双方交谈。talk to/with sb about sth表示&ldquo;和某人谈论某事&rdquo;。‎ <br />tell <br />意为&ldquo;告诉&rdquo;，一般接双宾语。tell a story，&ldquo;讲故事&rdquo;；tell a lie，&ldquo;撒谎&rdquo;。‎ <br />‎ 如：He can speak Chinese.他能说中文。‎ <br />‎ Please say it in English.请用英语说。‎ <br />‎ They are talking about it. 他们在谈论这事。‎ <br />‎ He can tell you something about his family.他会告诉你有关他家的事。‎ <br />‎ ④forget与leave <br />‎ forget意为‘‘忘记（记忆中的东西）&rdquo;。表示&ldquo;遗忘&rdquo;时，不能同表示地点的词语连用；leave意为&ldquo;落下，遗落&rdquo;，指把某物遗忘在某个地方，后接表示地点的词语。‎ <br />‎ I&#039;ve forgotten his name.我已忘了他的名字。‎ <br />‎ He left his English book at home.他把英语书忘家里了。‎ <br />‎ 例题l--- How long have you _________ the iPad?‎ <br />‎ --- Only two days. I will return it to Jack this afternoon.‎ <br />‎ A....