高考英语大二轮复习阅读理解专题十四科普知识类阅读完形填空短文改错优选习题

教学课件 <br />专题十四　科普知识类阅读+完形填空 <br />+短文改错 <br />Ⅰ.阅读理解 <br />A <br />(2018 吉林长春二模) <br />Sleep repairs the body and the mind and helps prevent disease by strengthening <br />the immune system.However,many adults do not get eight hours of sleep each night.The <br />average sleep time an adult today gets is only 6.4 hours.Only in recent years have <br />health professionals begun to realize the seriousness of sleep deprivation in the <br />working population.A significant number of people work at night,work long hours,or <br />suffer from sleeplessness or jet lag. <br />Studies show that the brain is negatively affected by sleep deprivation because <br />certain patterns of electrical and chemical activity that occur during sleep are <br />interrupted and the brain cannot function normally.In one study,thirteen healthy <br />adult subjects(实验对象) who usually had normal sleep patterns were kept awake and <br />carefully monitored in a lab during a period of 35 hours.During the experiment,the <br />subjects were asked to perform several tasks,such as mathematics and word <br />problems,while undergoing scans of their brain activity.The researchers found that <br />the temporal lobe(颞叶) of the brain,the region involved in language processing,was <br />active during speech tasks in rested subjects but not in subjects who lacked enough <br />sleep.After several hours without sleep,there was no activity within this region. <br />Several studies show that getting fewer than six hours of sleep can damage short- <br />term memory and reaction time&mdash;thus causing a serious risk of accident.In one study <br />of drivers,researchers reported that sleep deprivation had the same effects as being <br />drunk.They found that people who drove after being awake for 17 hours performed worse <br />than those with a blood alcohol level of 0.5 percent,the legal limit for drunk <br />driving in most western European countries.The researchers concluded that countries <br />with drunk driving laws should consider similar restrictions against sleep-deprived <br />driving. <br />【语篇解读】本文介绍缺少睡眠给人带来的影响。研究表明睡眠剥夺对大脑活动有不利的影 <br />响,它和醉酒有同样的危险性。 <br />1.What does the underlined word &ldquo;deprivation&rdquo; in the first paragraph mean? <br />　　　　　　　　　　　　 <br />A.Weakness. B.Loss. <br />C.Discomfort. D.Pain. <br />答案 B <br />解析词义猜测题。根据第一段中&ldquo;Only in recent years have health professionals begun to <br />realize the seriousness of sleep deprivation in the working population.&rdquo;的关键词 <br />seriousness&ldquo;严重&rdquo;,可知是缺觉带来的严重性。画线词的意思是&ldquo;缺少,损失&rdquo;,故选 B 项。 <br />2.The passage mentions all of the following as causes of sleep deprivation <br />EXCEPT 　　　. <br />A.jet lag B.long work hours <br />C.boring work D.working at night <br />答案 C <br />解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句&ldquo;A significant number of people work at night,work <br />long hours,or suffer from sleeplessness or jet lag.&rdquo;可知,句中提到了 A、B、D 三项,故选 <br />C 项。 <br />3.What does the author intend to determine by the study described in Paragraph 2? <br />A.How many hours people can survive without sleep. <br />B.How people...