高中英语人教新课标版选修9：Unit3 Australia 知识精讲

高三英语新课Unit3Australia知识精讲一.本周教学内容：高三新课：Unit3（II）—Australia二.知识总结与归纳：1.ItwasprobablyonceconnectedtoSouthAmerica,butthecontinentsseparatedastheearth’splatesmoved.澳洲很可能曾经同南美洲连在一起，但是随着地球板块的活动而分离开了。connectto/with：与……有联系／连接　　Thechildconnectedthemoonwithafairytalehisgrandmatoldhim.separate：分离　　短语：separate…from….2.Havingbeenseparatedfromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsthatcannotbefoundanywhereelseintheworld.因为澳大利亚同其他大陆已经分离了几百万年了，所以澳大利亚与许多动植物是世界其他地方找不到的。Havingbeenseparatedfromothercontinentsformillionsofyears：现在分词的完成式做原因状语。Havingputupthetent,theystartedtocooktheirsupper.3.Onestrangeanimalslayeggsyetfeedsitsyoungonitsmilk.有一种动物很奇特，会下蛋，而又给她的幼崽喂奶。layegg：下蛋。lay的其他意思：摆放；把……归于相关的短语：layout：布置；安排；laydown：放下；layaside：把……放在一边；layoff：裁员；laythefoundationof….：奠定……的基础feedsb.onsth.：用……喂养；＝feedsthtosb.feedon….：以……为食Inwintertheyfeedthehorsesonhayandcorn.Chinesepeoplefeedonricechiefly.Youcanfeedtheseturnipstotherabbits.其他短语：feed…with…：用……补给……befedupwith=betiredof…厌倦……Hefedthefirewithsomelogs.Ihavefedupwiththeseboringmeeting.4.Inarea,itisapproximatelythesamesizeastheUSA（withoutAlaska）which,however,hasmorethanfourteentimesasmanypeople.,澳大利亚的面积大致相当于美国（不含阿拉斯加）。而美国的人口却是澳大利亚人口的14倍多。approximately：接近；近似于（指质量或数量）Hisdescriptionoftheeventapproximatelytothetruthbuttherewereafewinaccuracies.thesamesizeas==asbigas…which,however,hasmorethanfourteentimesasmanypeople非限定性定语从句修饰theUSA。后面省略了asAustralia.morethanfourteentimesasmanypeople倍数句型：倍数＋as…as…倍数＋形容词／副词比较级than….倍数＋表示比较大小，长度，重量等名词＋of….倍数＋that/thoseof….TomistwiceolderthanJack.TomistwicetheageofJack.Tom’sageistwotimesthatofJack’s.5.Thepurposeofthefenceistokeepoutatypeofwilddogcalleda“dingo”.设置篱笆的目的是用来阻拦一种叫做dingo的野狗。keepout：阻拦，不让……进来；使……置身于……之外其他有关keep的短语：keepondoing：坚持／继续做；keepoff：推迟；避开；挡住；keepsb.fromdoing：阻止某人做……；keepup：维持;keepupwith：跟上Theyclosedallthewindowstokeepoutthecold.Keepoffthegrass.Hekeepsonphoningme,butIreallydon’twanttospeaktohim.Theheavyrainkeptthemfromgoingout.6.FarmsinthemiddleofAustraliaareusuallysolargethatthefarmersusemotorbikesorhelicoptersforthetaskofroundingupthesheeporcattle.澳大利亚中部的农场很大，农场主们得用摩托车或直升飞机来赶牛羊。roundup：聚拢，集中在一起。Theguideroundedupthetouristsandhurriedthembackintothebus.7.Theclimateisdifferentdependingonthearea.气候因地区不同而各异。8.OutingsarepopularandmostAustraliansaredelightedtoshareacoldglassofbeerorlemonadewithafriend.外出交流是很普通的事，大多数澳大利亚人都喜欢同朋友们一道享受一杯冰冻啤酒或柠檬汁。,bedelightedtodo….：高兴地去做……还可以与介词at/with/by连用。Wewerealldelightedtoreceiveyourinvitation.Shewasdelightedatthechance.注意：delightful：令人愉快的Thenewsisdelightfultous.短语：toone’sdelight：令人高兴的是。Tohisgreatdelight,hepassedtheexaminationwithfirst-classhonors.【典型例题】一.单项选择：1.Thestorehadto____anumberofclerksbecausesalesweredown.A.layoutB.layoffC.layasideD.laydown答案：B分析：销售量下降，公司不得不暂时裁减一些雇员。layout：布置；安排；laydown：放下；layaside：把……放在一边；layoff：裁员2.Televisionmaybeasplendid____ofcommunication,butitpreventsusfromfacetofacecommunicatingwitheachother.A.mediumB.recreationC.experienceD.generation答案：A分析：电视是一个很好的交流媒介；但它也阻碍了我们面对面的交流。medium：媒体；recreation：娱乐3.______theInternetisbridgingthedistancebetweenpeople,itmayalsobebreakingsomehomeorwillcauseotherfamilyproblems.A.WhenB.WhileC.IfD.As答案：B分析：尽管互联网促进了人与人间的交流，但它也可能破坏人们的家庭或引起其他的家庭问题。While：尽管。4.ItisreportedthattheUnitedStatesuses______energyasthewholeEurope.A.astwiceB.twiceasmuchC.twicemuchasD.twicemuch答案：B分析：美国消耗的能源是全欧洲的两倍．5.Theystill_____eachotheroverthequestionofpay.A.differB.differfromC.differinD.differfor,答案：B分析：他们在报酬问题上观点仍然不同。differin：在……上不同。6._____fullpreparation,wedecidedtoputoffthemeetingtillnextweek.A.WedidnotmakeB.HavingnotmadeC.WehadnotmadeD.Nothavingmade答案：D分析：由于没准备好，我们决定把会议推迟到下周。Nothavingmade现在分词的完成式做状语。二.翻译句子：1.这些熊以这种特殊的树叶为生。2.在这个问题上我只好保留不同意见了。3.赶快把同学们集合起来，我们该返回学校了。4.没问题他们会很高兴照顾他的。5.我们的学校面积将近200英亩。答案：1.Thesebearsfeedontheleavesofthisspecialtree.2.I’mafraidI’llhavetodifferonthismatter.3.Pleaseroundupthestudentsquickly,It’stimetoreturntoschool.4.Nodoubttheywillbedelightedtotakecareofhim.5.Theapproximateareaofmyschoolis200acres.【模拟试题】一.单项选择：1.Someanimalshibernateinthewinter,whichcan____thecold.A.keepoutB.keepoffC.keepupD.keepback2.It’sknowntoallthatcattle____mainlyongrass.A.eatB.feedC.takeD.put3.Thetwosidesinthedisputestilldiffer____eachother_____thequestionofpayA.with;overB.with;inC.over;withD.on;over4.TheShepherdhadto______thesheepbeforethenightfell.A.breakupB.roundupC.pickupD.callup5.Facedwiththereporter’s____questions,theprimeministerhadmuchtroubleansweringthem.A.absurdB.strangeC.pointedD.reasonable,6.Mr.Paul,whoisamanof____height,issaidtobeourEnglishteacherthisterm.A.commonB.mediumC.ordinaryD.usual7.TodayinAustralia,therearethousandsofcreatures,____areendangeredbyhumanbeings.A.manyofthemB.mostofwhomC.themajorityofwhichD.whosemay8.—Didyoubuythedressyesterday? —No,_____Ilikedthecolor,Ididn’tlikeitsstyle.A.WhileB.SinceC.BeforeD.As9.Paperproducedeveryyearis_____theworld’sproductionofvehicles.A.thethreetimesweightofB.threetimestheweightofC.asthreetimesheavyasD.threetimesasheavieras10._____hardbefore,Tomisafraidoffailingintheexam.A.HavingbeenworkedB.NottohaveworkedC.HavingneverworkedD.Neverhaveworked二.完型填空：Ididverybadlyatschool.MyheadmasterthoughtIwas1andwhenIwas14hesaid,“You’renevergoingtobe2butafailure.”Afterfiveyearsof3jobs,Ifellinlovewithaverynicemiddle-classgirl.Itwasthebest4thatcouldhavehappenedtome.I5IwantedtodosomethingpositivewithmylifebecauseIwantedtoproveto6thatwhatpeoplesaidaboutmewas7.Especiallyhermother,whohadsaidtome,“Let’s8it,you’vefailedateverythingyou’veeverdone.”SoItriedhardwithmy9andwenttocollege.Myfirstnovel10whileIwasatcollege.AftercollegeItaughtduringthe11inhighschoolsandattendedeveningclassesatLondonUniversity,whereIgota12inhistory.Ibecamealectureratacollegeandwasthinkingof13thatjobtowritefulltime14Iwasofferedapart-timejobatLeedsUniversity.Ibegantofeelproudofmyself15wasaworking-classboywho’d16schoolearly,nowteachingattheuniversity.MywritingcareertookoffwhenIdiscoveredmyownstyle.NowI’mrichand17,havebeenonTV,andmetlotsoffilmstars.18whatdoesitmean?I19wishallthepeoplethathaveputmedownhad20:“Ibelieveinyou.You’llsucceed.”1.A.brightB.uselessC.simpleD.hopeful,2.A.anythingB.somethingC.everythingD.nothing3.A.lowB.poorC.goodD.useful4.A.supportB.happinessC.surpriseD.thing5.A.admittedB.decidedC.plannedD.told6.A.meB.themC.herD.it7.A.wrongB.rightC.stupidD.faulty8.A.seeB.knowC.understandD.face9.A.experimentB.practiceC.writingD.composition10.A.cameonB.cameinC.cameoutD.cameback11.A.dayB.nightC.monthD.year12.A.graduationB.passC.degreeD.success13.A.givinginB.givingbackC.givingoutD.givingup14.A.whileB.ifC.whenD.or15.A.thereB.hereC.itD.that16.A.leftB.attendedC.changedD.graduated17.A.tiredB.calmC.nervousD.famous18.A.AndB.ButC.HoweverD.Well19.A.justB.exactlyC.soD.very20.A.praisedB.saidC.answeredD.advised三.阅读理解：Therearetwokindsofphysicalactivitywhichrequirespecialtraining.Thefirstdemandsexact,carefulmovementsofthemuscles（肌肉）.Thiskindofactivitymustbestrictlycontrolledbecauseevenaslightmovementinthewrongdirectionwillleadtoamistake.Totypequickly,forexample,apersonneedstraining;theslightestmovementofafingerinthewrongdirectionmaycauseaspellingmistake.Adancerwhohastodanceonthepointofhershoesorturnaroundononefootmustbetrainedforalongperiod-oftimebeforeshecansenseherowncenterandbalanceherself.Youmayhaveseenagirlwalkingonaropeacrossanemptyspace,which,too,requiresalot,ofpractice.Thesecondkindofphysicalactivityneedsgreaterstrengthorextraeffort.Mostofusgettiredifwetrytorunhalfamilewithoutstopping,butaspecially-trainedpersoncandothiswithoutmucheffort.Threeyearsago,somescientistscarriedoutexperiments,whichproducedmeaningfulandunexpectedresults.Theywantedtofindoutwhetheracertainamountofphysicalexercisewouldinjurethosesufferingfromheartproblems.Theyselectedsomemalepatientsandtrainedthemincontinuousbicycleriding.Theyweresurprisedtofindthattheharmfuleffectofagivenamountofphysicaleffortwasactuallylessontheheartsofthesetrainedpatientsthanonthoseofthepatientswhowerenotsimilarlytrained.Thisisimportantbecauseitshowsthatregularphysicalexerciseenablesustomakebetteruseoftheoxygen,webreatheinandthatthistraining,infact,reducestheamountofworkourheartsdo.Manytaskswhicharehardforuntrainedpeoplearenothardatallfortrainedpeople.1.Thefirstkindofphysicalactivitymustbestrictlycontrolledbecause_____.A.amistakeinthewrongdirectionisdangeroustothefingersB.awrongmovementinadirectionwillcausenomistakesC.amovementinthewrongdirectionwillcauseamistakeD.aslightmovementofafingerwillleadtoamistake2.Whatmustadancerdobeforeshecanbalanceherself?A.Shemustdanceonthepointofhershoes.B.Shemustreceivelong-timetraining.C.Shemustturnaroundononefoot.D.Shemustperformagainandagain.3.Theexperimentsdonebysomescientistsshowedthat_____.A.somemalepatientswereaskedtoridebicyclesregularlyintheexperimentsB.thephysicalexercisehadmoreharmfuleffectontheheartsoftheuntrainedpatientsC.thephysicalexercisewasharmlesstothemalepatientswithhearttroubleD.thephysicalexercisecouldbehelpfulforthepatientstotakeinmoreoxygen4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthistext?A.TrainingOurBodiesB.PhysicalActivitiesC.MovementTrainingD.ExtraBodyEffort四.短文改错：Mycarjustwouldn’tmoveanyfurther.Itwascomplete1.______dead,andIwasafewmilesfarawayfromanywhereonacold,2.______,wetnight.IdecidedwalkaroundalittlebeforeacceptingI’d3.______havetospendthenightinthecar.MaybeIcanfinda4.______telephone.Actually,Ididn’thavetowalkfarbeforeI5.______foundasmallhousestandingonafieldwithalight6.______shonefromthesittingroom.Iknockedatthedoorand7.______wasdelightingwhenapleasantoldmanopenedthe8.______doorbutlistenedtomystorycarefully.Hesaidhehad9.______notelephone,anditwasn’tonewithinwalkingdistance.10._____,[参考答案]一.单项选择：1.A　一些动物冬季冬眠用来御寒。keepoutthecold：抵御寒冷。2.B　众所周知牛以草为食。feedon：以……为食。3.A　双方就报酬问题彼此存在分歧。differwithsb.over/aboutsth：在……方面与……人有分歧。4.B　牧羊人在天黑前把羊聚拢起来。roundup：把……聚集起来。5.C　面对记者的尖锐的问题，首相感觉很难回答这些问题。pointed：尖锐的6.BPaul先生中等身材，据说这学期是我们的英语教师。medium：中等的（adj）7.C　在澳大利亚有许多生物都受到人类的威胁。前半句有逗号结尾，后面应当是themajorityofwhich引导的非限定性定语从句。8.A　我尽管喜欢它的颜色，但不喜欢它的款式。While：尽管；虽然。9.B　每年生产的纸的重量是世界上生产出的卡车重量的三倍。threetimestheweightof……倍数句型。10.C由于以前没有努力学习，Tom很害怕考试通不过。Havingneverworked分词做原因状语。二.完型填空：本文叙述了“我”少年时因学习不好受人蔑视，爱上一位中产阶级的姑娘后才奋发图强改变自己的命运，最终功成名就的人生经历。1.Buseless：没有用，从上文“Ididverybadlyatschool”可以看出，作者给校长的印象是“无用”。2.AYou’renevergoingtobeanythingbutafailure.意为：你将一事无成。（你将只是一个失败者）根据never可判断选anything。never／not…anythingbut=nothingbut=only。3.Bpoorjob“低等的、劣等的工作”。low与job搭配不当，因他学业不好，文凭不高，故推断“我”应做poorjob；useful不合句意。4.D句意：这可能是发生在我身上的最好的事情。5.B根据其宾语可判断出这是作者作出的决定。decide：决定……6.C我想向她证明人们对我的评价是错的。her指thenicemiddleclassgirl。7.AA项wrong：错误的，不对的。D项faulty：不完美的，有缺陷的，有错误的。8.Dfaceit：承认，正视（现实）。9.Cwriting写作，由下一句话“在大学时我的第一部小说出版了”，推知“我”努力尝试写作。10.Ccomeout“出版”；A项comeon“上场；改善；快，加把劲；得了吧!”；B项comein“（潮水）上涨；取得（名次）；时兴，流行；可利用，可提供；到达”；D项comeback,“回来，返回；再度流行”。11.A根据下文“attendedeveningclasses”可判断出是白天在大学里教书。12.C句意：“我”获得了历史学学位。13.D此句意为：我成了一位大学讲师，并且正考虑放弃那份工作（讲师）去专门从事写作。A项由givein“屈服，让步”；B项giveback“归还；使恢复”；C项giveout“用完，耗尽；停止运转；分发，散发；发出，放出（光，热）；宣布”。14.Cwhen在此处相当于justatthattime，suddenly，用来引出一个忽然出现的动作。15.B句意：这（里）是一个工人阶级男子，他曾过早辍学，现在在大学教书。16.Aleftschool“辍学”；B项attendschool“上学”。17.D根据下文“havebeenonTV，andmetlotsoffilmstars”可判断出作者出名了。A项：累了；B项：镇定的；C项：紧张的。18.B转折连词，A项：并且，顺接连词；C项：然而，副词。19.Ajust=mercy／only，表达了作者惟一的愿望。20.B根据直接引语可确定选B。say强调说的内容；此句意为：我多么希望那些曾经蔑视过我的人们过去说的话是，“我信任你，你必能成功”。此句用的是虚拟语气。Putsb.down：“使（当众）出丑”。三.阅读理解：本篇介绍了两种需要特别培训的身体运动。1.C细节题。由第一段的第二句“这种活动必须被严格控制，因为朝错误方向的一个微小运动将会导致错误”可知答案为C。2.B细节题。由第一段的倒数第二句“一个……的舞蹈者在……前必须经过长期的训练”可知答案为B。3.B细节题。根据第二段的第五、六句可知答案。4.A主旨大意。文章第一句“有两种身体活动需要特殊训练”为主题句，下面两段内容均是以此展开的。四.短文改错：1.completecompletely2.去掉far3.decided后加to4.cancould5.√6.onin7.shoneshining8.delightingdelighted9.butand10.itthere