北师大版（2019）高中英语必修第三册Unit 8 Green Living单元达标 能力提升测试卷 2套汇编（含答案解析）

北师大版（2019）高中英语必修第三册Unit8GreenLiving单元达标+能力提升测试卷2套汇编Unit8GreenLiving单元达标测试卷第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A  City:Hangzhou   Launched:2008   Size:2,965stations/69,750bikes   Price:$28.59deposit(押金)+timecharge   Whiletakingalookatthiscity,youmayseethebestbikesharingintheworld.Asthesecondontheplanetbysize,theHangzhouPublicBicycleSystemisoneofthemostcommonandusefulshares,largelybecauseit'scombinedwithpublictransportation:asinglecardcanbeusedinsubway,bus,taxiandbikesharing.Residentsandtouristscanputdownadepositof200ChineseYuan(about$29)andrideforanhourforfreeinthissceniccity.Eachadditionalhourcostsonly$0.15.Itwasalsothefirstnew-generationbike-sharingsysteminChina.   City:Barcelona   Launched:2007   Size:420stations/6,000bikes   Price:$61.93peryear   Barcelona'sBicyclingProgramdevelopedSpain'sbike-sharingbusinessinabigway.Thisprogramtookofflikewildfireonwheels,andbecausefourtimesbiggerinoneyear.Itinspireddifferentcopycatprogramsalloverthecountry.Today,Spainhas132bike-sharingsystems.Theprogramisoneoftheworld'smostrespectedandpopularshares.Butitisonlyopentoresidentsandtouristsarenotallowedtousethem.   City:Paris   Launched:2007   Size:l,751stations/23,900bikes   Price:$38.52peryear/$2.26perday   BikesharinginParisisthestaroftheworld.Launchedin2007,itistheworld'slargestoutsideofChina.CheapbyAmericanstandards,youcanridearoundParisona$1.7daypass—thefirsthalfhourofeachtripisfree.Becausethissystemcoversthecitywithanaverageof50stations第30页共30页,persquaremile,it'safavouritewithbothlocalsandtourists.1.WhatdoweknowaboutBarcelona'sBicyclingProgram?A.IthasdriventhedevelopmentofSpain'sbikesharing.B.Ithasoncebeenruinedbyfireaccidents.C.Itispopularamongtravellers.D.Itconsistsof175,000bikes.2.HowmuchshouldyoupaytorideasharedbikeinParis?A.Nothingforanhour.B.$61.93peryear.C.$2.26perday.D.$1.7perday.3.WhatdotheHangzhouPublicBicycleSystemandbikesharinginParishaveincommon?A.Theyareopentobothlocalsandtourists.B.Theyhavethesameamountofstations.C.Theywerefoundedinthesameyear.D.Theyrequireadepositofover$30.B   TheAndeanvillageChinchero,whichsitsabovetheUrubambaValley,isoneofthemostbreathtakinglybeautifullandscapes.SplendidterracesmadebytheIncasstretchoutintothevasthighland.Fieldsofpotatoandcornplantsformatextileofshades—green,redandgold.Sweepingviewsofsnow-coveredpeaksrulethehorizon.   ButmachinesbeganclearinggroundforaninternationalairportinChincheronow.ThisdoubtfulprojectwoulddamagetheheartlandoftheIncacivilisation.Itsancientarchaeologicalsitesandrichplantsandanimalswouldbedisruptedbynoise,traffic,pollutionanduncontrolledurbanisation.   Itispuzzlingwhyanyonewouldchoosetobuildamultimillion-dollarinternationalairportinthispeacefulspothighupintheclouds.Atnearly12,400feet,1,500feethigherthanCuzco'sairportsome20milesaway,itwouldbeoneoftheworldshighestcommercialairports.ThemountainssurroundingChinchero,nottomentionthefog,windsandhailstormsatthesealtitudes,canmakelandingandtake-offdangerous.   Afloodofarticlesinscienceandtravelmagazineshaveblamedtheproject.Theobjectionisnotsurprising;theancientMachuPicchu,whichisintheCuzcoregion,wasrecognisedoneoftheNewSevenWondersoftheWorldin2007.   Thesitedrawsupto5,600foreignvisitorsdaily,morethandoublethe2,500recommendedbyUNESCO.Thenewairportcouldquadruple(使变为四倍)tourists,to6millionfrom1.5millionayear,whichwouldmeanaburdenof22,000visitorsaday.PresidentVizcarrasupportedtheprojectin2018asawaytogetsupportinsouthernPeru.   Theairport'sconstructioncouldreducethewatershedofLakePiuray,animportantsourceofwaterforCuzco.ItwouldalsodivideChincherointwo,leavingtheschoolandthehealthcentreonthesidewherefewpeoplelive.   Insteadofanotherairport,Perushoulddevelopsustainabletourismandinvestin第30页共30页,infrastructuretomaketheseareasmoreaccessible.1.Whatismainlydescribedinthefirstparagraph?A.ThebeautifulsceneryofChinchero.B.Theperfectplacefortheairport.C.ThebirthplaceoftheIncacivilisation.D.Thebesttravellingdestination.2.WhydidPresidentVizcarraagreetobuildtheairport?A.TomakeMachuPicchuknowntoall.B.Topromotethelocaltourism.C.Torespectthetraditionalcivilisation.D.Tomaketheairporttheworld'shighest.3.Whatmadepeopleworriedaboutthebuildingoftheairport?A.Theroughweatherforlandingandtake-off.B.Theloudnoiseforthelocalvillagers.C.Thedamagetothelocalenvironment.D.ThedisappearanceofIncalandscape.4.What'stheattitudeofthewritertowardsthebuildingoftheairport?A.Neutral.B.Supportive.C.Uncaring.D.Disapprove.CTheLifeCycleofaT-shirt   WeallprobablyhavealotofT-shirts,butdoyoueverstopandthinkabouttheinfluenceofaT-shirtontheplanet?You'dprobablybesurprisedtolearnwhat'sinvolvedinthelifecycleofjustoneT-shirt.   Thereare5majorstages:material,production,shipping,useanddisposal.Thematerialstageinvolvesfarming,irrigating,fertilisingandharvesting,etc.Whilecottonisanaturalfibre(纤维制品)andnotasharmfultotheenvironmentasman-madefibres,itstilltakesatollinthematerialandproductionstages.Commercialcottonfarmingusesalargeamountofwater,andtheuseofpesticides(杀虫剂)iswidespreadacrosstheglobe,especiallyincottonfarming.Studieshaveshownthatfarmersspendaround$4.1billiononpesticidesannually,ofwhich25%wasspentoncottoncropsintheUS.   Oncethecottonisgrownandharvested,sobeginstheproductionstage:spinning,knitting(编织),bleaching,dyeing,cutting,sewing,etc.—theseprocessesalsouseagreatdealofwaterandenergy.Commercialdyesandbleachesareharmfulpollutantsandcaneventuallypollutegroundwater.   AftertheT-shirtisproduced,itentersthetransportationstage.Thisofteninvolvesoverseasshipping.Takealookinyourcloset.Chancesarethatmostofyourcottongarments(衣服)aremadeinChinaorIndia.Garmentscanbeshippedviaplane,shiportruck...,allofwhichspillCO2intotheatmosphere.CalculationsshowthatCO2emissionsfromlighttrucksaloneamountto1.15poundspermile.   OncetheT-shirtreachestheretailmarket,itispurchased.Thisstagemayseemliketheleast第30页共30页,environmentallydamagingpart.Butconsiderthenumberoftimesyou'vewashedanddriedyourfavouriteT-shirt.Washingmachinesarecertainlybecomingmoreefficient.However,theaverageAmericanhouseholddoes400loadsoflaundryperyear,usingabout40gallonsofwaterperload.Suchexcessivewateruseiscombinedwiththelargeamountofenergyusedbydryers.   Thefinalstageoflifeisdisposal.Thisreleasesharmfulemissions,orinvolvesalandfillwherecottontakesyearstobreakdown.CurrentUSrecordsshowthatanestimated15%ofclothesandshoesarerecycled,whichmeansthatconsumerssendashocking85%ofthesematerialstolandfills.   Weallneednewclotheseveryonceinawhile,butlet'salltrytokeepinmindwhatgoesintotheproductionofclothing.Ithasarealimpactontheplanet.   Therearealotofthingsyoucandotohelpreduceyourimpact.Reuseandrecycleclothes.Ifthey'retoowornouttowear,cutthemupandusethemascleaningrags.Donatethemtocharityoranotherorganisationthatrecyclestextiles.Whenpossible,makeanefforttobuyorganiccotton.Turndownthethermostat(恒温器)onyourwasher,andlinedryyourclotheswhentheweatherwillallowit.1.Theunderlinedphrase"takesatoll"probablymeans_________.A.wasteswaterB.takesalotoftimeC.usesenergyD.hasabadeffect2.WecanlearnfromthepassagethatintheUS___________.A.pesticidesincottonfarmingcostover4billiondollarseveryyearB.CO2emissionsoflandtransportamountto1.15poundspermileC.about15%oftheclothesandshoesaremadeofmaterialsthatarerecycledD.about16,000gallonsofwaterisusedannuallybyanaveragefamilyonlaundry3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthispassage?A.Theproductionprocessmayaffectwatersafety.B.TheclothingcostisrelativelylowinChinaandIndia.C.Cottonclothesareburiedbecausetheyarehardtobreakdown.D.Theusestageistheleastenvironmentallyharmfulofthefivestages.4.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A.Toencouragepeopletodonateclothestocharity.B.Topromoteeco-friendlyactionsrelatedtoclothes.C.Topersuadepeopletopurchasemoreorganiccotton.D.Tointroducethefivestagesinthelifecycleofclothing.D   PicturesofthebirdcalledtheredsiskinappearonVenezuela'smoney,onproductsandinschoolbooks.   Butthesmallsongbirdisdisappearingfromthewild.Ithasbecomethevictimofreducing第30页共30页,forestsandhunterswhowanttoselltheirbrightredfeathers.Thatthreathasbroughttogetheraninternationalteam.Theyhopetosavethebird.Theplanistohavefarmersplantorganiccoffeeplantswhicharecoveredwithbranchesthatmakegoodnestingplacesforthebirds.   Oncefoundinthemillions,asfewas300redsiskinsremaininVenezuela."Theydon'thavemanyyearsleft,unlesswedosomethingrightnow,"saidMiguelArvelo.   Fannerswhomeettheproject'sruleswillwintherighttoselltheirbeanswith"BirdFriendly"labels.Theywillbeabletosetpricesforsuch"highquality"productsthatcanbefivetimeshigherthanlegalpricessetbythegovernment.   Themalesiskinisvaluedforitsredfeathersandblackhead.Breederscrossthemwithyellowpetbirdstocreatebabieswithcolourfulfeathers.ProtectionunderVenezuelanlawhasnotprohibitedhuntersfromcatchingthebirdstosellonanillegalinternationalmarket.PoorVenezuelanfamiliesoftencatchandsellthebirds.Themoneytheyreceivecanfeedtheirchildrenformonths,saidbiologistJhonathanMiranda.   Atthesametime,aredsiskinbreedingcentreisbeingbuiltataprivatezooinVenezuela.There,200birdsareexpectedtobebornnextyear.Scientistskeeptheplaceswherethebirdsliveasecrettoprotectthemfromhunters.Theypermittedsomereporterstophotographasmallnumberofbirdsatoneofthosesecretplaces.Twelveormoreofthesmall,redbirdsflewintosightjustasthesunappeared.   "It'sthefirsttimeI'veseensomanybirdstogether,"saidMiranda."Itgivesushope."1.WhatdoMiguel'swordsinthethirdparagraphsuggest?A.Theredsiskinscan'tlivelonger.B.Itisurgenttosavetheredsiskins.C.Organiccoffeeplantswilldiesoon.D.Coffeefarmersdotherightthingnow.2.Whyarefarmersaskedtoplantorganiccoffeeplants?A.Tomakethemplantlesscoffeecrops.B.Toincreasetheircoffeeproduction.C.Toprovideredsiskinswithgoodhabitats.D.Toallowsomesunshineintothecoffeefields.3.Whatgooddoestheprojectdotothefarmers?A.Theyproducecoffeebeansofhighquality.B.Theyhaveabanontheircoffeeplanting.C.Theyenjoytherighttofeedbirdswithbeans.D.Theycanselltheircoffeeatahigherprice.4.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.SavingredsiskinsbyplantingcoffeeplantsB.HelpingVenezuelansplantmorecoffeecropsC.PreservingtheendangeredspeciesinVenezuela第30页共30页,D.Buildingabreedingcentreforredsiskins第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。   Youmaythinkthatchoosingtoloseweightrequiresalotofeffortandpain.Thetruthis,youcanloseweight,feelhealthier,andlookamazing,allbydoingsmallthingseveryday. ①_____ Whenyou'rereadytoloseafewpounds,checkoutthesefivesmalleverydaythingsyoucando.   ②_____   Believeitornot,thediameterofyourplatecanhaveadramaticimpactonhowmuchfoodyoueatatanytimeoftheday.Thebiggeryourplateis,themoreyoucanputonit,andthemoreyouputintoyourbody.   UseaFoodDiaryoranApp   It'ssoeasytositatyourdeskoronthecoucheatingupanentirebagofpotatochips,orafullpacketofcookies.③_____   Ifyoukeepafooddiaryoranappoutliningwhatyoueat,howmuchofit,andhowmanycaloriesithas,youmaybemoreinclinedtocontrolyourfoodintake.   DrinkMoreWater   ④_____ Yourbodyneedsmorewaterthanyou'reprobablygivingit,andyoumaybereadingthesignsallwrong.Keepawaterbottleathand,anddrinkwaterthroughouttheday.Bydoingso,youcancontrolyourappetitewhilealsomakingsureyourbodydoesn'tlackwater.   ExerciseMore   Itseemstakingfixedexercisecanhelpyouloseweight.However,it'snotonlythose10-milerunsthatmakeallthedifference. ⑤_____Forinstance,parkfurtherawayfromthegrocerystore,climbthestepsinsteadoftheelevatorandjogonthespotduringTVadbreaksofyourfavouriteshow.A.UseSmallerDishesB.ControlYourFoodIntakeC.Youhavetomakeplansforexercise.D.Alltoooften,wemistakethirstforhunger.E.Manysmallchangescanmakeasignificantdifference.F.Exercisedoesn'thavetobesomethingyouhavetothinkaboutdoing,anditcanbefun.G.However,ifyouknowhowmanycaloriesareinthem,youmaydecidetochangeyourmind.第二部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）第30页共30页,阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。   Lastyear,Sam'sfamilymadeadecisiontomovetotheirnewhouse.TheJeepwasfullypackedandtheywerepreparedforatiringday.Allpiledintothecar,    1   six-year-oldSam.Sam'sfather,Alex,    2   theengine,andthefamilysetofftowardstheirnewhome.Alexdroveformilesbeforetheyneededmoresupplies.Thenthey   3   atthenearestsupermarketWalmart.   Upondrivingintotheparkinglot,theybeganto   4   foraparkingspace.Thelotwasunusually   5   ,withmanycars,shoppingcarts,flashinglightsandbusypeople.Samfeltsurroundedby   6   .Eventually,aftersearchingthelotmanytimes,Alexfounda(n)   7   parkingspacefortheircar,andstilllargeenough.   Alexwasabouttopullinwhenastrangecarsuddenlypulledintotheemptyspot.Tothefamily's   8  ,thedriverwhohadbeendrivinggotoutofhiscarandrushedtowardsWalmart.Alex   9    jumpedoutofhiscarandranafterhim,calling,"Hey,hey!Wait!"WhenAlexcaughttheman,heasked,"Don'tyouthinkthatwecan   10   it?"Themanwassurprisedandsaid,"Um,yes,Isupposewecould."Theyreturnedtotheparkingspaceand   11   theircarssothattheycouldbothparkthere.   That   12   Samverymuch.He'dthoughtthathisfatherwouldbeangry,orevenbeatthestrangerup.However,thewholeincidentended   13   andtheywentintothesupermarketandboughtwhattheyneeded.   Alex'sreactionwaspleasantlyunexpected.Samwasmovedbyhis   14    father,realisingthatthecorrectthingtodowasn'twhathehadexpectedtohappen.Itmadeastrongimpressiononhim.     15    ismoreimportantthanself-righteousness(自以为是).1.A.following    B.including    C.calling    D.helping2.A.started    B.repaired    C.possessed    D.changed3.A.played    B.lived    C.dropped    D.stopped4.A.apply    B.stand    C.hunt    D.pay5.A.abnormal    B.crowded    C.quiet    D.clean6.A.advertisements    B.noise    C.music    D.warmth7.A.cheap    B.small    C.dark    D.empty8.A.anger    B.excitement    C.satisfaction    D.amazement9.A.optimistically    B.happily    C.quickly    D.carefully10.A.quit    B.buy    C.share    D.leave11.A.adjusted    B.approached    C.examined    D.sold12.A.informed    B.requested    C.impressed    D.congratulated13.A.naturally    B.peacefully    C.sadly    D.violently14.A.energetic    B.mean    C.aggressive    D.generous15.A.Kindness    B.Curiosity    C.Justice    D.Judgement第30页共30页,第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。   Bows(弓)andarrows(箭)areoneofman'soldestweapons.Theywereanimportantdiscoveryforpeople,especiallyhunters,givingthemaweaponwith①__________theycouldkilltheirenemiesorprey(猎物)fromadistance.Actually,itwasmorethan8,000yearsago②__________earlypeoplebeganhuntingwithbowsandarrows.   Theshortbowhadlimitedpowerandshortrange.However,earlyhuntersovercamethesefaultsbylearningtotrack③__________(they)preyatcloserange.Thelongbowwasabout2meters④__________length.Alotofpower,about100pounds,wasneeded⑤__________(pull)thestringofthelongbowallthewayback.Thatistosay,anyone⑥__________(use)thisbowhadtobestrong.   Foralongtime,thebowwasjustabentstickandastring.Infact,morechanges⑦__________(take)placeinthebowandarrowinthepasttwenty-fiveyears.Today'sbowis⑧__________(power)andisasexactasagun.Additionally,little⑨__________(strong)isneededtodrawthestring.   Theinventionofthebowrankswiththediscoveryofthefireandthewheel.Itwas⑩__________greatstepforwardforhumans.第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）   假设你是某中学的学生李华，请根据以下提示，针对你市遭沙尘暴袭击的情况，向某英语报社写一封信，呼吁大家植树造林，保护环境。内容包括：   1.过去家乡树木成林，如今人们毁林种地、建房；   2.气候变化，土地沙漠化；   3.植树造林，人人有责。   注意：   1.词数80左右；   2.开头和结尾已给出，不计人总词数。DearEditor,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第30页共30页,第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。   MyfamilyhasalwayslovedgoingtoDisneyland.Soin2001,whenDisneyannouncedthattheywereopeningCaliforniaAdventure,itwasabigdeal.IrememberIwasonlysixyearsoldwhenIwentthereforthefirsttime.I'vebeentoldthatasachildIwasverynaughtyandenergetic,butalwayswell-meaning.Igotalotofenjoymentfrommakingpeopleangry.ThisrelatestogoingtoCaliforniaAdventureforthefirsttimeeverwithmygrandmotheranditismyoldestmemorywithher.   OnthisfinedayoffunandallthingsDisney,wereachedthepark'sFerriswheel,calledtheSunWheel(nowMickey'sFunWheel).IfyoudonotknowwhattheSunWheelis,Icanbrieflyexplain:ItisthemostterrifyingFerriswheel.Why?Well,theseatthatyousitin,while160feetintheair,slidesinwardsandoutwardsasthewheelrotates(转动).Ifyourockithardenough,itcanalmostdoacomplete360-degreespin(旋转).Thiscreatesaterrifyingexperiencebecauseitislikea160-fool-lallswing.   SoIstoodinlinewithmygrandmother,andneitherofushadanyideathatthiswasnotanordinaryFerriswheel.Afteralongwaititwasfinallyourturntorideit.Wesatinsideandbegantoriseupandthat'swhenIdiscoveredtheride'sspecialfeature.Istartedwithslow,easyrockingandmygrandmotherbegantofearforherlife.Worryingwewouldfallout,sheaskedmetostop.   注意：续写词数应为150左右。   SinceIwasaverynaughtyboy,Irockeditharder.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________   Buttomysurprise,mygrandmaactuallyenjoyedtheterrifyingexperiencewithme.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第30页共30页,答案以及解析第一部分阅读理解第一节A答案：1-3.ACA解析：1.细节理解题。根据"City:Barcelona"中的"Barcelona'sBicyclingProgramdevelopedSpain'sbike-sharingbusinessinabigway."可知,Barcelona'sBicycling项目极大地开发了西班牙的共享单车生意。故选A项。2.细节理解题。根据"City:Paris"中的价格介绍"Price:$38.52peryear/$2.26perday"可知,巴黎的共享单车收费为每天2.26美元。故选C项。3.细节理解题。根据"City:Hangzhou"中的"Residentsandtouristscanputdownadepositof200ChineseYuan(about$29)andrideforanhourforfreeinthissceniccity."以及"City:Paris"中的最后一句中"it'safavouritewithbothlocalsandtourists"可知,HangzhouPublicBicycleSystem和bikesharinginParis都对本地居民和外来游客开放。故选A项。B答案：1-4.ABCD解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段"TheAndeanvillageChinchero...Sweepingviewsofsnow-coveredpeaksrulethehorizon."可知,本段主要描述了位于安第斯山脉中的村庄——Chinchero周围的美丽风景。2.细节理解题。根据第五段的"Thenewairportcouldquadruple(使变为四倍)tourists,to6millionfrom1.5millionayear,whichwouldmeanaburdenof22,000visitorsaday.PresidentVizcarrasupportedtheprojectin2018asawaytogetsupportinsouthernPeru."可知,机场修好后,游客的数量会提髙四倍,为了赢得秘鲁南方的支持,总统同意了修建机场。3.推理判断题。根据第二段的"ThisdoubtfulprojectwoulddamagetheheartlandoftheIncacivilisation...pollutionanduncontrolledurbanisa-tion."和倒数第二段的"Theairport'sconstructioncouldreducethewatershedofLakePiuray...wherefewpeoplelive."可知,在这个地方修建机场,对当地的动植物、印加文明的中心地带以及村庄等都有着消极的影响。4.观点态度题。综合第二段的信息以及最后一段的"Insteadofanotherairport,Perushoulddevelopsustainabletourismandinvestininfrastructuretomaketheseareasmoreaccessible."可知,作者认为秘鲁政府应该发展可持续性旅游业,投资基础设施建设,而不应该在著名的古文化遗址建设机场。故选D项。A项表示"中立的";B项表示"赞成的";C项表示"漠不关心的",这些与文章的整体语气不符。C答案：1-4.DDAB第30页共30页,解析：1.词义猜测题。根据文章第二段开头可知,一件T恤衫的生命周期要经历五个阶段:原材料,生产,运输,使用和处理。原材料的生产阶段又包括播种、灌溉、施肥和收获等。再根据第三句"Whilecottonisanaturalfibre(纤维制品)andnotasharmfultotheenvironmentasmanmadefibres,itstilltakesatollinthematerialandproductionstages."可知,虽然棉花是自然纤维,不像人造纤维一样对环境有害,但它仍然会对原料筹集和生产阶段造成不好的影响。所以D项正确。2.细节理解题。根据第五段中的"However,theaverageAmericanhouseholddoes400loadsoflaundryperyear,usingabout40gallonsofwaterperload."可知,每年一个美国家庭平均要洗400次衣服,每次要用40加仑水,40×400=16,000加仑,所以D项正确。3.推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的"theseprocessesalsouseagreatdealofwaterandenergy.Commercialdyesandbleachesareharmfulpollutantsandcaneventuallypollutegroundwater."可知,生产过程费水费能源。而印染原料和漂白剂是有害的污染物,会最终污染地下水。所以A项正确。4.写作意图题。根据文章及最后一段第一句"Therearealotofthingsyoucandotohelpreduceyourimpact."可知,文章的写作意图是呼吁人们从自身穿衣开始为环保做贡献。D答案：1-4.BCDA解析：1.推理判断题。结合第三段的"Oncefoundinthemillions,asfewas300redsiskinsremaininVenezuela"和后面的内容可知,原先这种鸟有几百万只,但是现在只有300只了;对于这些鸟来说,剩下的时间不多了,除非人类立即采取保护措施。因此这句话说明了保护它们的紧迫性。2.细节理解题。根据第二段的"Theplanistohavefarmersplantorganiccoffeeplantswhicharecoveredwithbranchesthatmakegoodnestingplacesforthebirds."可知,这种有机咖啡植物的树枝可以为这种鸟提供良好的筑巢的地方。3.细节理解题。根据第四段的"Theywillbeabletosetpricesforsuch'highquality'productsthatcanbefivetimeshigherthanlegalpricessetbythegovernment."可知,参与这个保护项目的农民们可既以高价出售他们的咖啡。4.标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了一些科学家和委内瑞拉的一些农民们种植一种有机咖啡植物,从而为当地濒临灭绝的红色黄雀提供良好的栖息地,以此来拯救这些珍贵的鸟类。故A项符合主题。第二节答案：①-⑤EAGDF解析：①设空处前一句讲的是通过每天做一些小事就可以减肥，此处承接上文，指出小的变化也能够有大的作用，E项符合语境，其中small为关键词。故选E项。第30页共30页,②设空处为小标题，根据本段内容可知，餐盘的直径会对你吃多少食物产生很大的影响，你的餐盘越大，装的东西就越多，你吃进去的东西也就越多，因此本段主要是建议要用小一点的餐盘，故选A项。③空前一句讲到坐下来吃光一整袋薯片或一整包曲奇饼干是很容易的，下一段建议用食物日记或应用程序来记录摄入的卡路里，因此该空内容应是关于一整袋薯片或一整包曲奇饼干中的卡路里含量的，G项（但是如果你知道它们有多少卡路里，你可能决定改变主意）符合语境，其中的howmanycaloriesareinthem为关键信息。故选G项。④空后的andyoumaybereadingthesignsallwrong说明你可能完全误解了这些迹象，设空处应与误解身体信号方面的问题相关。D项（我们常常把口渴误认为饥饿）符合语境。空后的allwrong和选项中的mistake相呼应。故选D项。⑤根据本段小标题Exercisemore以及段落中的exercise，10-mileruns等可知，本段内容有关锻炼，根据关键词可定位至F项，F项指出锻炼不一定是刻意为之，也可以是有趣的，符合语境。第二部分语言知识运用第一节答案：1-5BADCB6-10BDACC11-15ACBDA解析：1.由前一句中的TheJeepwasfullypacked和下文的setofftowardstheirnewhome可知,大家都拥进车里准备出发,也包括(including)萨姆。故选B项。2.根据后一句中的Alexdroveformiles可知,亚历克斯发动(started)了车的引擎。故选A项。3.由空前一句中的theyneededmoresupplies可知,他们需要一些日用品,所以是在超市那里停(stopped)车了。故选D项。4.根据空前的drivingintotheparkinglot可知,进停车场要寻找(hunt)车位停车。故选C项。5.根据空后的manycars,shoppingcarts,flashinglightsandbusypeople可知,停车场很拥挤(crowded)。故选B项。6.由前一句中的manycars,shoppingcarts,flashinglightsandbusypeople可知,停车场很拥挤,人和车很多,所以萨姆应是觉得被噪音(noise)包围。故选B项。7.根据下一段第一句Alexwasabouttopullinwhenastrangecarsuddenlypulledintotheemptyspot.可知,此处指亚历克斯找到了一个空的(empty)车位。故选D项。8.由上下文可知,司机把车停在了亚历克斯好不容易找到的车位上,然后直接冲向超市,这肯定让亚历克斯一家很生气。故anger符合语境。9.根据后文的Alexcaughttheman可知,亚历克斯追上了那个人,所以他是快速(quickly)下车。故选C项。10.据本段最后一句Theyreturnedtotheparkingspaceand_____theircarssothattheycouldbothparkthere.可知,他们把车都停在空的车位上,所以是分享(share)车位。故选C项。11.由上文可知,两个人要分享车位,第30页共30页,而一个车位上停两辆车应该是需要调整(adjusted)车的位置。故选A项。12.此处为同义复现。根据最后一段的第三句Itmadeastrongimpressiononhim.可知,整件事让萨姆印象深刻(impressed)。impressed和impression为同义复现。故选C项。13.由上下文可知,亚历克斯把车和陌生人的车停在一起后就进超市买东西去了,这说明整件事以和平方式落幕。故peacefully符合语境。14.由上文可知,车位被占后,父亲并没有生气,而是选择和陌生人一起分享车位,说明父亲是慷慨的。故generous符合语境。mean意为"吝啬的";aggressive意为"挑衅的"。15.由上文可知,车位被占,父亲并未生气,而是以和平的方式解决问题,这是一种善意(Kindness)。故选A项。第二节答案：which;that;their;in;topull;using;havetaken;powerful;strength;a解析：①考查关系代词。"withwhichtheycouldkilltheirenemies..."是"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句。②考查强调句型。该句为强调句型,被强调的是时间状语"morethan8,000yearsago"。③考查形容词性物主代词。名词prey前应用形容词性物主代词作定语。④考查介词。inlength是固定表达,意思是"在长度上"。⑤考查不定式的用法。不定式短语"topullthestringofthelongbowallthewayback"作目的状语。⑥考查现在分词的用法。现在分词短语"usingthisbow"作定语,修饰anyone,use与主语anyone之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词形式。⑦考查时态。时间状语"inthepasttwenty-fiveyears"常与现在完成时连用;本句主语为复数名词,故谓语用复数形式。⑧考查形容词。空格处所填单词在句中作表语,故用power的形容词形式。⑨考查名词。空格处所填单词在句中作主语,需用strong的名词形式。⑩考查冠词。此处意思是:它(弓)是人类历史上的一大进步。表示泛指,应用不定冠词;great是以辅音音素开头的单词,故用不定冠词a。第三部分写作第一节答案：DearEditor,   I'mastudentatamiddleschool.I'mwritingtoexpressmygreatconcernfortheenvironmentinmyhometown.Thickforestsandgreengrassusedtobeseen.However,aspeopleherecutdownmanytreestobuildhousesandgrowmorecrops,theforestswereseriouslydestroyed.Besides,becauseofclimatechangesitrainslittlenow.Asaresult,sandstormsoccurfrequently.第30页共30页,Topreventtheprocessofdesertification,allthepeopleshouldtakegoodcareoftheforestsandplantmoretrees.Lookingforwardtohearingfromyou.Yours,Lihua第二节答案：      SinceIwasaverynaughtyboy,Irockeditharder.EachtimeIrockedharder,sheaskedmetostop.ButIwashavingtoomuchfunscaringherandswingingaround.SowhatdidIdo?Irockeditashardasmylittlebodycouldmanage.Itgottothepointthatmygrandmotherwasyellingatthetopofhervoice,whilekickingandscreamingatmetostop.Itwassomuchfun.TheridefinishedandIknewIwasgoingtobeintrouble.Buttomysurprise,mygrandmaactuallyenjoyedtheterrifyingexperiencewithme.Iactuallydidn'tgetintotrouble,butshevowedtoneverrideitwithmeagain.Tothisday,mygrandmaandIstillrecallandlaughaboutourterrifyingSunWheelexperience.She'stoldmethatshealwaysthinksbacktothatmomentwhenshethinksabouthowmuchIhavechangedsincethen,andIalwaysthinkbacktoitasafunexperiencewithherthatIwillneverforget.第30页共30页,Unit8GreenLiving单元能力提升测试卷第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AAnimalsinAntarctica   TherearenolandanimalsthatactuallyliveinAntarctica!However,thesurroundingoceanisrichinlivingcreatures!It'sjusttoocoldtosupportverymanylifeforms!Nowlet'smeetsomeoftheAntarctica'sanimals.   WeddellSeal   Theyarethesouthernmostpinniped(鳍足类的)intheworld.Malesaregenerallysmallerthanfemales.Interestingly,newbornpupshaveacoatoflonghair,whichtheywillshed(脱落)withinthefirstmonthastheprotectivelayeroftheirbodyisdeveloped.   BlueWhale   Namedforitsblue-graycolor,thishugeanimalmaygrowtoberoughly100feetlongandweighmorethan120tons!Abluewhaleeatsabout4tonsofkrill(磷虾)perdayduringthefeedingseason!Thismeansthatabout40millionkrillareeateneverydayforsixmonthsbyabluewhale!ThetongueofthebluewhalecanbeasbigasaVolkswagen!Thebluewhaleistheloudestanimalonearth!   RockhopperPenguin   Oneofthemostbeautifulpenguins,therockhoppershaketheirheadsandcausetheiryelloweyebrowstoflyintoa"halo"inordertoattractamate!   WanderingAlbatross   Thisspeciesofalbatrosswanderstheoceanformonthsatatimesearchingforfood.Itsleepsontheoceansurfaceatnightanddrinksseawater.Thewanderingalbatrossisthelargestbirdintheworldintermsofthewingspan一11feet!   RossSeal    Rosssealsareveryrarelyseenbecausetheylivedeepwithinthepackice.ItisbelievedthatRosssealsfeedmainlyonsquid,fishandkrill.TheywerenamedaftertheBritishpolarexplorerSirJamesRoss,whofirstdiscoveredthemin1840.第30页共30页,   EmperorPenguin   Emperorpenguinsarethebiggestofthe18penguinspecies.Theyareflightlessbirds.TheyaretheonlylivingspeciestoreproduceduringtheharshAntarcticwinter.Withoutanest,thefatheremperorpenguinkeepstheeggwarmbyholdingitonhisfeetfor2—3monthsuntilspring,duringwhichthefatherdoesn'teatanythingandhejusteatsalittlesnowformoisture.Unbelievable!WhataDad!1.Weknowfromthe5thparagraphthatthewanderingalbatross______.A.nevertouchesthelandB.isagoodswimmerandflyerC.drinksfreshwaterD.sleepsonboats2.Accordingtothelastparagraph,wecanlearnthat______.A.thereare19penguinspeciesonearthB.emperorpenguinsspendmostoftheirtimeonlandwheretheyfindfoodC.penguinsarebirdswithnowingsD.themotheremperorpenguinlaysoneeggduringthewinter3.Weknowfromthereadingthat______.A.amaleWeddellsealislargerthanafemaleB.rockhopperpenguinsarethemostbeautifulpenguinsC.itishardtoseeaRosssealD.abluewhaleeatsabout4tonsofkrilleverydayB   ANativeAmericanvillageintheU.S.state,Alaska,hasvotedtorelocateitsentirepopulationofsome600peopleduetothethreatofrisingseas.   Shishmaref,locatedonatinyislandnorthoftheBeringStraitthatseparatestheUnitedStatesandRussia,islosinguptothreemetersofshorelineeachyear.ItisoneofdozensofoldvillagesinAlaskathatfacegrowingthreatsoffloodinganderosionduetoglobalwarming.   Itsresidents,whoaremembersoftheInupiattribe,voted89to78torelocate,saidDonnaBarr.Thisisnotthefirsttimeitsresidentshavemadesuchadecision.Theyvotedin2002torelocatebutthateffortfailed.   "It'snotgoingtobethelasttimethattheUnitedStateshastodealwithcommunitiesseverelythreatenedbyclimatechangeandimpactsandwhetherornottheycanstaythere,"shesaid.   InShishmaref,TommyRichter,pastoroftheLutheranChurch,theisland'sonlychurch,saidthecommunitywastomoverleavingitsheritagebehind."Therearepeopleherewhohavebeenhereforgenerationsanddon'twanttoleaveatall,"hesaid.   Thecostofrelocationhasbeenestimatedatsome$180million,andauthoritiesareseeking第30页共30页,stateandfederalfunding,accordingtolocalmedia.Wheretorelocateremainstobedecided,theclerksaid.Twositesonthemainlandarebeingconsidered.Relocationcouldtakemorethantenyears.Theisland,whichis18squarekilometers,liesfivemilesoffthemainland.Itseconomyisbasedlargelyonfishingandhunting.   ScientistsattributecoastalerosioninShishmareftoglobalwarmingthathasthawedseaicethatonceshieldedtheislandfromstormsurges.Itslayerofpermanentlyfrozensoilonwhichitisbuilt,ismeltingaswell.   ThevillagealreadyhasmovedseveralhomesandaNationalGuardArmoryawayfromitscoastlineandbuiltseawallsthathavehadlimitedsuccess.   Since2014,morethan140tribesandtribalorganizationshavegottengovernmentfundingtohelpaddresstheimpactsofglobalwarming,itsaid.1.TheresidentsinShishmarefvotedtomovebecause_____________.A.theirvillageisbeingfloodedeveryyearB.theshorelineoftheirislandisdisappearingC.theyfoundlessfishtobecaughtneartheseaD.mostpeopleexpectedtoleadamodemlife2.Theresultofthevotessuggeststhatsomepeople_____________.A.havenochoicebuttoremainhereB.havenomoneytomovetothemainlandC.realizethedangerofglobalwarmingD.arereluctanttoleavetheirhome3.Whatisproblemwiththerelocation?A.Thecost.B.Theplace.C.Theweather.D.Thetransportation.4.Whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.ClimateChangeInfluencesanAmericanVillageB.AlaskaVillageRelocatesDuetoClimateChangeC.AVillageIsGoingtoMoveAllItsVillagersD.RisingSeaWaterFloodsAwayaSmallVillageC   Thedaywillcomewhenrenewableenergysuchaswind,solar,geothermalandothersreplacefossilfuelsasthemajorsourceofworldenergy.However,mostanalystsinsistthatthisdaywillnotarrivefor manyyearstocome—certainlywellpastthemiddleofthecentury.Systemsoffossilfuelshavealreadybeenfirmlysetup,anditistoocostlyorimpracticaltoreplacetheexistingsystemswithrenewables.Buttherearegoodreasonstobelievethatthetransition(转变)torenewableswillcomemuchfasterthanpreviouslythought.   Itishardlysurprisingthatmanyexpertssaywewillseearelativelyslowtransitionfromfossilfuelstorenewables,givenwhatisknownaboutpreviousenergychangesofthissort."Energytransitionstakealongtime,"observedVaclavSmiloftheUniversityofManitobainScientific第30页共30页,American.Ittookmorethan50yearsforcoaltoreplacewoodastheworld'sleadingsourceofenergyandanother50yearsforoiltoreplacecoal;thechangefromfossilfuelstorenewables,heargued,isnotlikelytocomeanyfaster.   Underordinarycircumstances,Smil'sforecastwouldnodoubtproveaccurate.Butthesearenotordinarytimes.GrowingconcernoverclimatechangeisleadingtoincreasinglystrictcontrolsonCO2andothergreenhousegas(GHG)emissions(排放),whilethedevelopmentinrenewablestechnologyisloweringtheirpriceandspeedingtheirinstallation.   Thereare,ofcourse,manydifficultiesintheeffectivecontrolofcarbonemissions,asdemonstratedbycoalcompaniestoblocktheintroductionofnewrulesbytheUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.Nevertheless,itisimpossibletodismisstheprogressbeingmadeatthelocalandinternationallevelstopromotetheuseofrenewables.TheEuropeanUnion(EU),forexample,iswellonthewaytoachievinga20%reductioninGHGemissionsfrom1990levelsby2020,alongwitha20%increaseintheuseofrenewableenergy.   Thetransitiontorenewableswillbefasterduetodramaticimprovementsinthepricingandperformanceofsuchsystems.Asaresultofthesteadyincreasesintheefficiencyofwindandsolarsystems,togetherwiththesavingsachievedthroughlarge-scalemanufacture,thepriceofrenewablesisfallingglobally.Withpricesdroppingthisfast,solarenergyisnowprovingcompetitivewithfossilfuelsforgeneratingelectricityinmanyareas.   Thechangefromfossilfuelstorenewableenergywillnotcomeovernight,anditwillnotescapemanysetbacks.Nevertheless,renewablesarelikelytoreplacefossilfuelsasthemainsourceofelectricalpowerwellbeforemid-century.1.VaclavSmilbelievesthat___________.A.renewableenergiesarenotverypracticalB.thechangetorenewableswillcomeslowlyC.systemsoffossilfuelshavebeenfirmlysetupD.therearemanysetbacksofrenewableenergies2.WecanlearnfromthepassagethatEuropeanUnion___________.A.hascutdownhalfofthecarbonemissionsB.hasfailedtofindawaytoreduceGHGemissionsC.istryingtheirbesttoencouragetheuseofrenewablesD.triestostoptheintroductionofnewrulesonrenewables3.Therenewablesaremorecompetitivebecauseof__________.A.theirfallingpricesB.thedeclineincoalindustryC.internationaltradeD.thenewrulesonCO2emission4.Theauthorwritesthispassageinorderto____________.A.callonpeopletouselessfossilfuels第30页共30页,B.giveadviceonhowtopromoterenewablesC.arguethattheenergytransitionwillcomesoonerD.provetherenewableswillbethemajorsourceofenergyDBytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean'sappearance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.StephanieDutkiewicz,ascientistinMIT'sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener."Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging,"shesaid,"butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging."Andwhydoesthatmatter?Phytoplanktonarethebaseofthefoodweb.Ifcertainkindsbegintodisappearfromtheocean,Dutkiewiczsaid,"itwillchangethetypeoffishthatwillbeabletosurvive."Thosekindsofchangescouldaffectthefoodchain.Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiencesinthecoiningdecadeswillprobablybetoogradualandunnoticeable,buttheycouldmeansignificantchanges."It'llbeawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecauseofclimatechange,"Dutkiewiczsaid,"butthechangeinthecolouroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereallyhavechangedourplanet."1.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A.Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.B.Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.第30页共30页,C.Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.D.Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"vulnerable"inParagraph3probablymean?A.Sensitive.B.Beneficial.C.Significant.D.Unnoticeable.3.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.B.Dutkiewicz'smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges.C.Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate.D.Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges.B.Toanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain.C.Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans.D.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Nowadays,withthedevelopmentofeconomyandriseofthelevelofpeople'sliving,moreandmorepeoplehaveaccesstodelicategiftsforeachother. ①________ Wrappingpaperwastehasbeenontherise.Trythesesuggestionsforcuttingdowntheamountofwrappingpaperyouthrowaway.Reusewhatyouhave.Wrappingpaperhassuchabrieflifespan(跨度)thatitcanbereusedmanytimes. ②________It'sestimatedthattheUSproduces4.6millionpoundsofwrappingpaperannually,and2.3millionpoundsofthatendsupinthetrash.Theremainderstaysinpeople'shomes,awaitingreuse.Usedifferentmaterial.Whosaysyouhavetochoosebrightwrappingpapertodecorateapresent?Choosebasicbrownpaperthatcanbedecoratedbeautifullywithabow,ribbons,leavesormarkers.Repurposenewspaper,oldposters,andchildren'sschoolartworkaswrappingpaper.③________Askforbetterpaper.Sellersstockwhatcustomerswant,andrecyclabilityshouldcomefirst,soletthatbeknownwhenyou’reoutshopping.AsexplainedbySimonEllin,CEOoftheRecyclingAssociation,atradebodythatrepresentsabout90wastemanagementcompaniesandpapermerchantsintheUnitedKingdom,"It'sabattlewe'vebeeninallyear—doyoureallyneedtodesignanon-paper第30页共30页,wrappingpaper? ④________"Shopwiththatinmind,too.⑤________Usebaskets,fabric,giftboxesorbags,teatowels,andmoretowrapyourpresents.LearntheJapaneseartoffuroshiki,usingbeautifulknotstofastencolorful,reusablefabricsinattractiveways.Thisway,you'llhavenowrappingpaperwastetocontendwith.A.Tryzerowaste.B.Leaveyourgiftsunwrapped.C.However,thereisaproblem.D.Infact,giftsarenotsoimportant.E.Makepaperwithrecyclinginmind.F.It'sespeciallytrueifcareistakentounwrapitwithouttearing.G.Thereareplentyofotherdelightfuleco-friendlyalternativestowrappingpaper.第二部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。   Lastmonth,Kochwenttomakebreakfastandfounda(n)   1   guestusinghispool.Alargemoose(驼鹿)wasswimminginthedeepend,   2   inthesolarcover(太阳能覆盖膜).   "Ilookedoutinthebackyardandthere’sthemooseabsolutelypanickedand   3   ,"KochtoldTheDodo."Shesteppedonthesolarcoverandputher   4   throughitandshewas   5   tryingtogetfree."   KochhasnoticedmorewildlifearoundhishomeinOttawa,    6   hehadneverseenananimal   7   impressivebefore.Herushedoutsideandpulledthesolarcoveroffthe   8   moose,whocontinuedpaddling   9   thepool,provingtobeasurprisinglyskilledswimmer.   Thewildmooseseemedtobehavingtroublefindingherwayoutofthepool,soKochcalledthepoliceandwildlifeservicestoseeiftheycould   10   ahand."Shelookedsopitifullysadouttherethatmywifesaid,'Iwanttogivehera   11   .'"   Workersfromwildlifeservicesintendedthattheywouldgethertoasaferspot,buttheycouldn’t   12    ituntilshewasoutofthewater."Thebestthingthathappenedwasthatafter3.5hourssheclimbedoutoftheshallowendand   13   thefence,"Kochsaid.   Themoose   14   unscratched,butthesamecan’tbesaidforKoch’spool—whichnowhastwohoof-sizedholesinthe   15   .1.A.informal    B.ordinary    C.usual    D.uninvited2.A.abandoned    B.wrapped    C.removed    D.forbidden3.A.struggling    B.shaking    C.shouting    D.searching4.A.shoulder    B.foot    C.face    D.back第30页共30页,5.A.narrowly    B.likely    C.desperately    D.unwillingly6.A.for    B.so    C.but    D.or7.A.this    B.well    C.almost    D.rather8.A.relaxed    B.happy    C.tired    D.poor9.A.around    B.beneath    C.outside    D.beyond10.A.donate    B.hurt    C.lend    D.cure11.A.lift    B.hug    C.smile    D.credit12.A.update    B.witness    C.cancel    D.manage13.A.watchedout    B.cutdown    C.jumpedover    D.divedinto14.A.escaped    B.participated    C.hesitated    D.insisted15.A.top    B.bottom    C.wall    D.cover第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。   Istoodonthedeck,①_____(stare)atthehugewaves.FromthemomentweleftportandsailedintotheEnglishChannel, ②_____weatherhadgotworseandworse.Now,lightningflashedacrossthesky, ③_____wascoveredindarkclouds.   Suddenly,thenoiseoftheenginesstopped.Theshipslowed,rollingheavilyintheroughsea.Avoiceovertheloudspeakertoldus ④_____(remain)calm—thenaddedthatafire⑤_____(start)intheengineroom,andsaidthatallpassengersmustgo⑥_____(immediate)tothenearestlifeboatstation.   Weallranontothedeck,followingthesignsforthelifeboats.Theship'sofficersarrived,madesurewehadlifejacketsandshowedus ⑦_____toputthemon.   Ilookedagaininhorroratthewild,stormysea.The⑧_____(think)ofbeingoutthereinatinyboatwas⑨_____(terrify).Minutespassedlikehours,untilatlastavoiceannouncedthateverythingwas ⑩_____controlandthedangerwasover.Weallcheeredastheenginesstartedagainandtheshipmovedforwardintothewaves.Istillcouldn'tbelieveitwasoveruntilwehadreachedportandIwasstandingonsolidgroundagain!第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Doris听说你市自从开展“创建全国文明城市”活动以来，城市面貌发生了较大的变化，为此来信向你询问相关情况。请根据所给要点提示给她回信：1.对于来信表示高兴；2.城市所发生的变化；3.你的感受。参考词汇：全国文明城市NationalCivilizedCity第30页共30页,注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearDoris  ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。   Mycrippled(瘸腿)grandmotherwasdancing.Istoodinthelivingroomdoorway,absolutelyshocked.IheardhersingingwhenIopenedthedoorbutdidnotwanttointerruptherbyshoutingIhadarrived.Shewaswearingbeautifuldancingshoesandherlegsobeyedherperfectly.AslongasIcouldremember,shewasoncethepetofthedancingworld.Butitwasalloverafterasuddenaccident.Shehadalwayslimped(一瘸一拐地走),helpedbyacane(拐杖).   Sheturnedaroundandsawmestandinginthedoorway.Hersongended,andherbeautifulmovementsendedwithit.Grandmaturnedtowardsthekitchen.Shewaswalkingwithnodifficultiesinherbeautifulshoes.Ifollowedher,notbelievingmyeyes.   "So..."Iaskedsurprisedlybuthappily,"howdidyourlegheal(康复)?"   "Totellyouthetruth—myleghasbeenwellallmylife,"shesaid.   "ButIdon'tunderstand!"Isaid."Imean...Youhavepretendedalltheseyears?"   "Verymuchso,"Grandmotherclosedhereyes,"andforaverygoodreason."   "Whatreason?"   "Yourgrandfather."   "Youmeanhetoldyounottodance?"   "No,thiswasmychoice.IamsureIwouldhavelosthimifIhadcontinueddancing.Iweighedfame(名声)againstloveandlovewon."   "Weweretalkingabouttheengagement(订婚)whenyourgrandfatherhadtogotowar.Itwasthemostterribledayofmylifewhenheleft.Iwassoafraidoflosinghim,andtheonlywayIcouldstaypeacefulwastodance.Andthenonedayalettercame.Therewereonlythreesentences:'Ihavelostmyleg.Iamnolongerawholemanandnowgiveyoubackyourfreedom.第30页共30页,Itisbestifyouforgetaboutme.'"   GrandmacontinuedtotellmethatGrandfatherwasinhospitalandshemadeherdecisionnottogivehimup.Shetookherleave,andtraveledawayfromthecity.Paragraph1:   Severalweekslater,shereturned.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:   Shetookadeepbreath,leanedonhercaneandlimpedtoGrandfather.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第30页共30页,答案以及解析第一部分阅读理解第一节A答案：1-3BDC解析：1.细节理解题，根据文章第五段内容可知，漂泊信天翁在海洋上漂泊数月寻找食物，晚上睡在大洋水面上，喝海水，它又是世界上最大的鸟类，翼展11英尺。所以漂泊信天翁是一种善于游泳和飞行的鸟。故选B。2.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的"TheyaretheonlylivingspeciestoreproduceduringtheharshAntarcticwinter."可知，它们是唯一在南极严酷的冬季繁殖的生物。所以，帝企鹅妈妈是在冬季产下蛋的。故选D。3.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的"RossSealsareveryrarelyseenbecausetheylivedeepwithinthepackice."可知，大眼海豹非常罕见，因为它们生活在浮冰群深处，故选C。B答案：1-4.BDAB解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段可知,美国阿拉斯加的希什马廖夫小村庄因受到全球变暖的影响,每天损失3米海岸线,面临被淹没的悲惨命运,因此选B项。2.推理判断题。投票结果是89:78。这说明有些人不赞成搬迁。结合第五段的第二句可知,一些人世代生活在这里,不愿意离开。3.细节理解题。根据第六段的第一句可知,搬迁的费用预计大约需要1.8亿美元,当局正在寻求州和联邦资金。因此选A项。4.标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了美国阿拉斯加州的希什马廖夫小村庄,由于全球变暖,海水上升造成了它的海岸线正在减少,因此人们投票决定是否搬迁及其相关情况。C答案：1-4.BCAC解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中"thechangefromfossilfuelstorenewables,heargued,isnotlikelytocomeanyfaster."可知,VaclavSmil认为,从化石燃料到可再生能源的转变不可能更快。即向可再生能源的转变过程将是缓慢的,故选B项。2.细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句"TheEuropeanUnion(EU),forexample,iswellonthewaytoachievinga20%reductioninGHGemissionsfrom1990levelsby2020,alongwitha20%increaseintheuseofrenewableenergy."可知,欧盟正朝着到2020年将温室气体排放量从1990年的水平减少20%的目标稳步前进,同时可再生能源的使用量也将增加20%。由此可知,欧盟正在尽最大努力鼓励使用可再生能源,故选C项。3.细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句"Withpricesdroppingthisfast,solarenergyisnowproving第30页共30页,competitivewithfossilfuelsforgeneratingelectricityinmanyareas."可知,由于价格下降如此之快,太阳能在许多领域的发电能力已经证明可以与化石燃料相媲美。即由于可再生能源价格下跌,它们的竞争力更强,故选A项。4.主旨大意题。根据最后一段最后一句"Nevertheless,renewablesarelikelytoreplacefossilfuelsasthemainsourceofelectricalpowerwellbeforemid-century."可知,作者认为可再生能源很可能在本世纪中叶之前取代化石燃料成为电力的主要来源。再结合全文内容可推知,作者写这篇文章的主要目的是讨论能源的转型正逐步实现,故选C项。D答案：1-4BADC解析：1.段落大意题。第一段主要说明了,到本世纪末,由于气候变暖,世界上的海洋可能会变得更蓝、更绿。第二段主要说明了,一种叫作浮游植物的海洋微生物,在光线的作用下在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。由此可推断,这两段主要叙述了海洋颜色变化的原因。分析选项可知B项符合题意,故选B项。2.词义猜测题。根据第三段第四句可知,气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征,并会影响浮游植物的生长。由此可判断"Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarmingtrend."说明,浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响。故选A项。3.推理判断题。根据第四段第三、四句可知,Dutkiewicz的模型预测,在一些水域,比如北极的水域,气候变暖会使浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟,而这些水域会变得更绿。由此可推断,浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟,浮游植物会更多,其所生存的水域会变得更绿。故选D项。4.主旨大意题。通读全篇可知“warming”一词贯穿全文,故本文的写作目的在于解释气候变化对海洋的影响。故选C项。第二节答案：CFGEA解析：①推理判断题。空后一句提到"Wrapping（包装）paperwastehasbeenontherise."（包装纸的浪费一直在上升）；C项"However,thereisaproblem."，空后一句即是指C项中"theproblem"的具体内容，空后一句是顺承C项的话题。故选C②推理判断题。空前一句提到"Wrappingpaperhassuchabrieflifespan（跨度）thatitcanbereusedmanytimes."（包装纸的使用寿命很短，可以多次重复使用）；F项Itdsespeciallytrueifcareistakentounwrapitwithouttearing.（如果拆开包装时小心翼翼而不撕掉的话，情况更是如此），其中"Itdsespeciallytrue"的情况即是指空前一句中的"bereusedmanytimes".F项是顺承空前一句的话题。故选F③推理判断题。该段的小标题是"Usedifferentmaterial.（用不同的材料）"；空前一句提到"Repurposenewspaper,oldposters,andchildrendsschoolartworkaswrappingpaper."（将报纸、旧海报和孩子在学校的艺术作品重新用作包装纸）：G项"Thereareplentyofother第30页共30页,delightfuleco-friendlyalternativestowrappingpaper.（有许多其他可爱的环保包装替代包装纸）"，其中"alternativestowrappingpaper"与空前一句的语义相符。故选G④推理判断题。上文提到"Sellersstockwhatcustomerswant,andrecyclabilityshouldcomefirst，"（销售商储存顾客想要的东西，可回收性应该是第一位的）；空后一句提到"Shopwiththatinmind,too.（购物时也要考虑到这一点）"。E项"Makepaperwithrecyclinginmind.（制造包装纸时要考虑回收利用）"，E项中"recycling"与上文中的"recyclability"是同根词的词汇复现；空后一句中"withthat"指代E项中的"withrecycling"。E项与空后一句的句式并列。故选E.⑤标题归纳题。此空是该段的小标题，第2至4的小标题都是祈使句句式，该空也应该是祈使句句式；该段下文建议采用日本的包袱布的方法包装东西；最后一句提到"Thisway,you’llhavenowrappingpaperwastetocontendwith.（这样你就不用浪费包装纸了）"；A项"Tryzerowaste.（尝试零浪费）"，其中"zerowaste"与"nowrappingpaperwaste"语义相符，因此A项概括该段的段意，可以作为该段的小标题。故选A.第二部分语言知识运用第一节答案：1-5DBABC6-10CADAC11-15BDCAB解析：1.考查形容词及语境理解。A.informal非正式的;B.ordinary普通的;C.usuali通常的;D.uninvited不被邀请的。句意:上个月,科赫去做早餐,发现一个不速之客在用他的游泳池。根据下文"Alargemoose(驼鹿)wasswimminginthedeepend"(一只巨大的驼鹿在深水区游泳)可知,驼鹿误入Koch家的泳池,因此它是位不速之客。故选D。2.考查动词及语境理解。A.abandoned遗弃;B.wrapped裹住,缠绕;C.removed移除;D.forbidden禁止。句意:一只巨大的驼鹿被太阳能覆盖膜缠着,在深水区游泳。根据后文"inthesolarcover(太阳能覆盖膜)"可知,这只驼鹿是被太阳能覆盖膜缠住了。故选B。3.考查动词及语境理解。A.struggling挣扎;B.shaking摇动;C.shouting呼喊;D.searchingi搜寻。句意:我往后院一看,那只驼鹿惊慌失措,在挣扎。根据前文"there'sthemooseabsolutelypanicked"可知,驼鹿当时非常惊恐,奋力挣扎。故选A。4.考查名词及语境理解。A.shoulder肩膀;B.foot脚;C.face脸;D.back背。句意:她踩在了太阳能覆盖膜上,缠住了它,她拼命地想要挣脱。根据前文"Shesteppedonthesolarcover"可知,驼鹿的脚踩进去而导致被困。故选B。5.考查副词及语境理解。A.narrowly勉强地;B.likely可能地;C.desperately拼命地;D.unwillingly不情愿地。句意:她踩在了太阳能覆盖膜上,缠住了它,她拼命地想要挣脱。根据下文"tryingtogetfree"可知,此处是指拼命地。故选C。6.考查连词及语境理解。A.for因为;B.so所以;C.but但是;D.or否则。句意:科赫注意到他在渥太华的家周围有更多的野生动物,但他从未见过如此令人印象深刻的动物。"KochhasnoticedmorewildlifearoundhishomeinOttawa"和"hehadneverseenananimalthis第30页共30页,impressivebefore"构成转折关系。故选C。7.考查副词及语境理解。A.this如此;B.well很好地;C.almost差不多,几乎;D.rather相当。句意:科赫注意到他在渥太华的家周围有更多的野生动物,但他从未见过如此令人印象深刻的动物。此处this用作副词,相当于so,修饰形容词impressive。故选A。8.考查形容词及语境理解。A.relaxed放松的;B.happy开心的;C.tired疲倦的;D.poor可怜的。句意:他冲了出去,从可怜的驼鹿的身上扯下了太阳能覆盖膜。驼鹿继续在水池里游来游去,证明了自己是一个惊人的游泳高手。驼鹿不小心掉进游泳池,挣扎着想出去,看上去很可怜。故选D。9.考查介词及语境理解。A.around到处;B.beneath在...之下;C.outside在...之外;D.beyond越过。句意:他他冲了出去,从可怜的驼鹿的身上扯下了太阳能覆盖膜。驼鹿继续在水池里游来游去,证明了自己是一个惊人的游泳高手。根据下"provingtobeasurprisinglyskilledswimmer"(证明自己是一个惊人的游泳高手)可知,驼鹿继续在水池里游来游去。故选A。10.考查动词及语境理解。A.donate捐赠;B.hurt伤害;C.lend借;D.cure治愈。句意:这只野驼鹿似乎很难找到从游泳池出来的路,所以科赫打电话给警察和野生动物服务部门,看他们是否能帮忙。根据前文"Kochcalledthepoliceandwildlifeservices"可知,此处是指看他们是否能帮忙。lendsb.ahand意为"帮助某人,搭把手",为固定搭配。故选C。11.考查名词及语境理解。A.lift电梯;B.hug拥抱;C.smile微笑;D.credit学分。句意:我想给她一个拥抱。根据前面的描述Shelookedsopitifullysadoutthere(她在外面看起来很可怜)可知,妻子动了侧隐之心,好想拥抱安慰一下这只被因的母驼鹿。故选B。12.考查动词及语境理解。A.update更新;B.witness见证;C.cancel取消;D.manage设法(做成某事)。句意:野生动物服务部门的工作人员本打算把她带到一个安全的地方,但他们没能做到,直到她离开了水。根据前文"Workersfromwildlifeservicesintendedthattheywouldgethertoasaferspot"和"untilshewasoutofthewater"可知,此处是指野生动物服务部门的工作人员本打算把她带到一个安全的地方,但他们没能做到,直到她离开了水。故选D。13.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.watchedout小心;B.cutdown砍倒,削减;C.jumpedover跳过;D.divedinto投入。句意:最好的事情发生了,在3.5个小时后,她爬出了浅水区,跳过了围栏。根据前文"sheclimbedoutoftheshallowend"可知,此处是指她跑走了,所以驼鹿从泳池的浅水处逃离泳池后跳过围栏。故选C。14.考查动词及语境理解。A.escaped逃跑;B.participated参加;C.hesitated犹豫;D.insisted坚持。句意:这只驼鹿毫发无损地逃了出来,但科赫的泳池就不一样了—现在池底有两个蹄子大小的洞。根据前"Thebestthingthathappenedwasthatafter3.5hourssheclimbedoutoftheshallowendandjumpedovethefence"可知,驼鹿在未受伤的情况下成功逃脱。故选A。15.考查名词及语境理解。A.top顶部;B.bottom底部;C.wall墙;第30页共30页,D.cover封面。句意:这只驼鹿毫发无损地逃了出来,但科赫的泳池就不一样了—现在池底有两个蹄子大小的洞。根据前文"Shesteppedonthesolarcoverandputherfootthroughitandshewasdesperatelytryingtogetfree."可知,Koch家的泳池就没有未受伤的驼鹿那么幸运了—泳池的底部留下了两个蹄子大小的破洞。故选B。第二节答案：①staring②the③which④toremain⑤hadstarted⑥immediately⑦how⑧thought⑨terrifying⑩under解析：①stood为谓语动词，动词stare与其之间无连词连接，应用非谓语动词。动词stare与逻辑主语I之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填staring。②weather是不可数名词，意为“天气”，这里特指当时的天气应用定冠词the。故填the。③thesky为介词across的宾语，后面句子起修饰作用，即为非限制性定语从句，先行词是thesky，表示物，关系词在从句中作主语，应使用which引导。故填which。④tellsbtodosth为固定搭配，意为“告诉某人去做某事”。故填toremain。⑤added为谓语动词，后面为that引导的宾语从句，该空为从句中的谓语动词，因added为过去式，表示过去的动作，start表示的动作发生在此之前，属于“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填hadstarted。⑥此处修饰动词go，应使用副词，故填immediately。⑦分析句子可知，此处是指“高级船员向我们展示如何穿救生衣”，应使用how，表示方式。此处“how+不定式”的结构相当于宾语从句。故填how。⑧The后面应填名词作主语，thought作名词，意为“想法”。谓语动词为was，此处用名词单数形式。故填thought。⑨was为系动词，后面应接形容词作表语，主语为“想法”，表示事物，应用terrifying，意为“令人害怕的”。故填terrifying。⑩根据thedangerwasover可知，此处指一切都“处于控制之中”。undercontrol为固定搭配，意为“处于控制状态，受到控制”。故填under。第三部分写作第一节答案：DearDoris,   I'mmorethangladtoreceiveyourletteraskingabouttheactivityofEstablishingaNationalCivilizedCity.I'mwillingtosharesomethingaboutit.   Theactivityaimstobeautifythecityandimprovethequalityofourlife.Oldstreetsarewidenedorrebuilt,whichgreatlyeasestrafficjams.Differentkindsofflowersandtreesareplanted.Besides,moreparksarebuilt,wherewecangetmuchexercise.  Nowwecanenjoyallthecomfortandconvenienceofthecity.Ilovemycityandsincerelyinviteyoutocometoseeitsomeday.第30页共30页,Yours,LiHua第二节答案：Paragraph1:Severalweekslater,shereturned.Shehadboughtherselfacaneandwrappedherlegtightlywithbandages.Shetoldeveryoneshehadhadacarcrashandthatherlegwouldnevercompletelyhealagain.Herdancingdayswereover.Noonesuspectedthestory----shehadlearnedtolimpconvincinglybeforeshereturnedhome.Thenshetraveledtothehospital.Shesawmygrandfatherseatedinhiswheelchairwithacaneonthegroundnearby.Paragraph2:Shetookadeepbreath,leanedonhercaneandlimpedtoGrandfather.Shetoldhimshehadanaccidentandalegwasinjuredseriously.Sheshowedhimtwoengagementringsshehadboughtthedayafterheleftforthewar."Iwasnotgoingtowastethemonanyotherman,"Grandmasaidtohim.ThenGrandfatherbenttotakehiscanefromthegroundbutGrandmawasnotgoingtohelp.Andsohemanageditonhisownandneversatinawheelchairagaininhislife.第30页共30页